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Leishmaniasis is a wide array of clinical manifestations caused by protozoal parasites of the Trypanosomatida genus Leishmania. [7] It is generally spread through the bite of phlebotomine sandflies, Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia, and occurs most frequently in the tropics and sub-tropics of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and southern Europe.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar (Hindi: kālā āzār, "black sickness") [2] or "black fever", is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and, without proper diagnosis and treatment, is associated with high fatality. [3] Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania.
[6] [7] The whole genome sequence of L. donovani obtained from southeastern Nepal was published in 2011. [8] L. donovani sensu stricto is in a species complex with the closely related L. infantum, which causes the same disease. The former is commonly found in East Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while the latter is found in Europe, North ...
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) refers to a condition in which the patient has an elevated temperature for which no cause can be found despite investigations by one or more qualified physicians. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] If the cause is found, it is usually a diagnosis of exclusion , eliminating all possibilities until only the correct explanation remains.
Dengue fever [4] A reference to the mincing walk adopted by those affected. Dropsy: Edema [6] Dum-dum fever: Leishmaniasis [7] The term is derived from the city of Dum Dum, the site of an outbreak. English disease: Rickets [8] So named due to its prevalence in English slums. French disease: Syphilis [9] Used as an ethnic slur against the French ...
[2] [6] [11] Complications may include dehydration. [3] The cause of dysentery is usually the bacteria from genus Shigella, in which case it is known as shigellosis, or the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica; then it is called amoebiasis. [1] Other causes may include certain chemicals, other bacteria, other protozoa, or parasitic worms. [2]
But in generative grammar, which sees meaning as separate from grammar, they are categories that define the distribution of syntactic elements. [1] For structuralists such as Roman Jakobson grammatical categories were lexemes that were based on binary oppositions of "a single feature of meaning that is equally present in all contexts of use".
Quartan fever is one of the four types of malaria which can be contracted by humans. [1] It is specifically caused by the Plasmodium malariae species, one of the six species of the protozoan genus Plasmodium. Quartan fever is a form of malaria where an onset of fever occurs in an interval of three to four days, hence the name "quartan". [2]