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DEET is effective against a variety of invertebrates, including ticks, flies, mosquitos, and some parasitic worms. [3]A 2018 systematic review found no consistent performance difference between DEET and icaridin in field studies and concluded that they are equally preferred mosquito repellents, noting that 50% DEET offers longer protection but is not available in some countries.
However, icaridin was also non-toxic in a 21-day reproduction test on the water flea Daphnia magna [22] and a 32-day early life-stage test in zebrafish. [23] Since only the icaridin content of the tested repellent product is known, the observed effects cannot be readily attributed to icaridin.
A 2013 review concluded that IR3535 is as effective as 20% DEET against Anopheles, citing that some studies reported possibly shorter protection of just 3.8 hours. [9] [6] In areas with malaria, the NHS recommends 50% DEET or at least 30% DEET or 20% icaridin instead of IR3535.
Synthetic repellents tend to be more effective and/or longer lasting than "natural" repellents. [1] [2]For protection against ticks and mosquito bites, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends DEET, icaridin (picaridin, KBR 3023), oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE), para-menthane-diol (PMD), IR3535 and 2-undecanone with the caveat that higher percentages of the active ingredient ...
SS220 is an insect repellent with a broad range of efficacy.. It was developed in 2002 at the Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture [1] and has been found to "exert repellent and deterrent effects upon the behavior of mosquitoes and sand flies". [2]
Icariin is a chemical compound classified as a prenylated flavonol glycoside, a type of flavonoid.It is the 8-prenyl derivative of kaempferol 3,7-O-diglucoside.The compound has been isolated from several species of plant belonging to the genus Epimedium which are commonly known as horny goat weed, Yin Yang Huo, [1] and Herba epimedii. [2]
DEET was developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and was registered for use by the general public in 1957. It is effective against mosquitoes, biting flies, chiggers, fleas and ticks. These insect repellents slowly evaporate into the air, producing an invisible chemical barrier around the areas on the body and clothes where it is ...
The active ingredient in Aerogard is N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET). [2] Recent low-odour formulas use Picaridin (See Icaridin) History