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Long recoil operation is found primarily in shotguns, particularly ones based on John Browning's Auto-5 action. In 1885 a locked breech, long recoil action was patented by the Britons Schlund and Arthur. [9] In a long recoil action, the barrel and bolt remain locked together during recoil, compressing the recoil springs.
The nature of the recoil process is determined by the force of the expanding gases in the barrel upon the gun (recoil force), which is equal and opposite to the force upon the ejecta. It is also determined by the counter-recoil force applied to the gun (e.g. an operator's hand or shoulder, or a mount).
Free recoil / Frecoil is a vernacular term or jargon for recoil energy of a firearm not supported from behind. Free recoil denotes the translational kinetic energy ( E t ) imparted to the shooter of a small arm when discharged and is expressed in joules (J), or foot-pound force (ft·lb f ) for non-SI units of measure.
This caused many existing toy gun products on the Chinese market (particularly airsoft) to become illegal overnight, as almost all airsoft guns shooting a standard 0.20 g (3.1 gr) 6 mm (0.24 in) pellet have a muzzle velocity over 76 m/s (250 ft/s), which translates to more than 0.58 J (0.43 ft⋅lbf) of muzzle energy, or 2.0536 J/cm 2 of "ratio ...
In some instances, the powder may not have even been fully burned in guns with short barrels. So, the muzzle velocity of a 2-inch (51 mm) barrel is less than that of a 4-inch (100 mm) barrel, which is less than that of a 6-inch (150 mm) barrel. Large naval guns will have high length-to-diameter ratios, ranging between 38:1 to 50:1. This length ...
The energy conversion efficiency of a firearm strongly depends on its construction, especially on its caliber and barrel length. However, for illustration, here is the energy balance of a typical small firearm for .300 Hawk ammunition: [1] Barrel friction 2%; Projectile motion 32%; Hot gases 34%; Barrel heat 30%; Unburned propellant 1%.
In shotgun shooting, the grouping is also called the pattern or "spread". The pattern indicates the extent of scattering by shots from a single shotshell, measured as the smallest circle containing all the shots on the target. The barrel of a shotgun is choked to deliver a wider or narrower scattering, depending on the expected use. Shooting at ...
The main aim of a theoretical simulation of the dynamics of the barrel, mounting, and shot, is to predict the sensitivity of the shot exit conditions to variations in the gun system parameters. This will then assist the gun designer to produce suitable designs and keep manufacturing tolerances within reasonable limits, while maintaining good ...