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The Border campaign (12 December 1956 – 26 February 1962) was a guerrilla warfare campaign (codenamed Operation Harvest) carried out by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) against targets in Northern Ireland, with the aim of overthrowing British rule there and creating a united Ireland. [1]
Irish Republican Army (1922–69): The anti-treaty continuation of the original IRA, active during the Irish Civil War, IRA Sabotage Campaign, Northern Campaign, Border Campaign and the Troubles. Official IRA (OIRA) (1969–72): The Official IRA was formed after a split in 1969 between different factions of the 1922 IRA.
21 December – The Government of Northern Ireland under Basil Brooke uses the Special Powers Act to intern several hundred republican suspects without trial. 30 December – Border Campaign: The IRA Teeling Column under Noel Kavanagh again attacks the Derrylin RUC barracks, killing constable John Scally, the campaign's first fatality.
In 1967, McMillen was involved in the formation of the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association and was a member of a three-man committee which drew up the Association's constitution. The NICRA's peaceful activities resulted in violent opposition from many unionists , leading to fears that Catholic areas would come under attack.
The Northern Ireland conflict broke out in 1969 and involved the deployment of the British army under Operation Banner carrying out security checks, closing over 100 border crossings and constructing observation infrastructure across Northern Ireland; these measures began to be reverted following IRA ceasefires in 1994 and 1997.
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The IRA column, at risk of being surrounded, broke toward the border in the armoured truck. [2] [9] It was found abandoned at the border with a 460-pound (210 kg) bomb on board. [1] Two soldiers were killed in the attack: Private James Houston (22) from England and Lance-Corporal Michael Patterson (21) from Scotland. [6]
The future of Ireland's border with Northern Ireland - which will be the EU's only major land border with Britain after Brexit - was widely seen as the biggest obstacle to an agreement on a 21 ...