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  2. Social apartheid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_apartheid

    Social apartheid is de facto segregation on the basis of class or economic status, in which an underclass is forced to exist separated from the rest of the population. [1]The word "apartheid", an Afrikaans word meaning "separation", gained its current connotation during the years of South Africa's Apartheid system of government-imposed racial segregation, which took place between 1948 and ...

  3. Caste systems in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste_systems_in_Africa

    Caste systems in Africa are a form of social stratification found in numerous ethnic groups, found in over fifteen countries, particularly in the Sahel, West Africa, and North Africa. [1] These caste systems feature endogamy , hierarchical status, inherited occupation, membership by birth, pollution concepts and restraints on commensality.

  4. Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inequality_in_post...

    According to the World Bank, South Africa is the most economically unequal country in the world [citation needed]. The difference between the wealthy and the poor in South Africa has been increasing steadily since the end of apartheid in 1994, and this inequality is closely linked to racial divisions in society.

  5. Systems of social stratification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_of_social...

    The Hausa didn't have the conical clan as their system of social organization (in Africa, this system predominated mostly among southern African peoples), but had a complex system of hereditary social stratification as well. The following excerpt is from Frank A. Salamone's "The Hausa of Nigeria":

  6. Sociology of race and ethnic relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_race_and...

    The sociology of race and ethnic relations is the study of social, political, and economic relations between races and ethnicities at all levels of society.This area encompasses the study of systemic racism, like residential segregation and other complex social processes between different racial and ethnic groups.

  7. Racial segregation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation

    The apartheid system carried out by Afrikaner minority rule enacted a nationwide social policy "separate development" with the National Party victory in the 1948 general election, following the "colour bar"-discriminatory legislation dating back to the beginning of the Union of South Africa and the Boer republics before which, while repressive ...

  8. Social stratification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stratification

    The social status variables underlying social stratification are based in social perceptions and attitudes about various characteristics of persons and peoples. While many such variables cut across time and place, the relative weight placed on each variable and specific combinations of these variables will differ from place to place over time.

  9. Allegations of apartheid by country - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_apartheid...

    The name of the crime comes from a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP), the governing party from 1948 to 1994. Under apartheid, the rights, associations, and movements of the majority black inhabitants and other ethnic groups were curtailed, and white minority rule was maintained.