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Cosmic background radiation is electromagnetic radiation that fills all space. The origin of this radiation depends on the region of the spectrum that is observed. One component is the cosmic microwave background .
The anisotropy, or directional dependency, of the cosmic microwave background is divided into two types: primary anisotropy, due to effects that occur at the surface of last scattering and before; and secondary anisotropy, due to effects such as interactions of the background radiation with intervening hot gas or gravitational potentials, which ...
Background radiation originates from a variety of sources, both natural and artificial. These include both cosmic radiation and environmental radioactivity from naturally occurring radioactive materials (such as radon and radium), as well as man-made medical X-rays, fallout from nuclear weapons testing and nuclear accidents.
The European Space Agency's Planck satellite has been gathering data since its launch in 2009, slowly building up a map of the cosmic microwave background radiation -- a distant remnant of the Big ...
The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation constitutes a major development in modern physical cosmology.In 1964, US physicist Arno Allan Penzias and radio-astronomer Robert Woodrow Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background (CMB), estimating its temperature as 3.5 K, as they experimented with the Holmdel Horn Antenna.
However, the background radiation from cosmic rays increases with altitude, from 0.3 mSv per year for sea-level areas to 1.0 mSv per year for higher-altitude cities, raising cosmic radiation exposure to a quarter of total background radiation exposure for populations of said cities.
The cosmic neutrino background (CNB or C ν B [a]) is the universe's background particle radiation composed of neutrinos.They are sometimes known as relic neutrinos.. The C ν B is a relic of the Big Bang; while the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) dates from when the universe was 379,000 years old, the C ν B decoupled (separated) from matter when the universe was just one second old.
The overall diffuse extragalactic radiation field may be divided in different regions according to their origin and physical processes involved. This is a standard classification from the highest down to the lowest energies: Diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray radiation (also known as cosmic gamma-ray background) Cosmic X-ray background