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In Turkmen weavings, such as bags and rugs, guls are often repeated to form the basic pattern in the main field (excluding the border). [4] [5]The different Turkmen tribes such as Tekke, Salor, Ersari and Yomut traditionally wove a variety of guls, some of ancient design, but gul designs were often used by more than one tribe, and by non-Turkmens.
As time progressed, the rugs have evolved to be lighter and more colorful. [4] The insulation that ryas provide protects against the cold Scandinavian climate. [2] [4] Ryas are a knotted pile carpet, with each knot composed of three strands of wool, which enables the rug to exhibit rich texture from all the different shades of color. [5]
Gabbeh carpets are much thicker and coarser than other Persian carpets; sometimes they can be as much as one inch or 2.5 cm in depth. In fact, they are more a variety of kilim than carpet. The word "gabbeh" comes from the Persian گبه, meaning raw, natural, uncut. This is a rough and primitive carpet. [2]
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The first World Oriental Carpet Exhibition in 1891 in Vienna and another one in London in 1892 created a rising demand for Persian rugs in the west. Companies such as the British-Italian Nearco Castelli Brothers and the Eastern Rug Trading Company of New York established their branches in 1909 in Tabriz and later in Kerman .
A Shiraz carpet (Persian: قالی شیراز) is a type of Persian rug made in the villages around the city of Shiraz, in the Iranian province of Fars. Designs tend to come from settled tribal weavers so they mimic Qashqai , Khamseh ( Basseri and Khamseh Arabs ), Afshar , Abadeh and Luri designs.
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Isfahan rugs are knotted on either silk or cotton foundations, with up to 1.000.000 Persian knots/sqm(there have been pieces created by Seirafian master workshop with higher knot count), using exceptionally good quality (referred to as kork wool in Iran) wool for the pile, which is normally clipped quite low.