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Voriconazole, sold under the brand name Vfend among others, is an antifungal medication used to treat a number of fungal infections. [5] This includes aspergillosis , candidiasis , coccidioidomycosis , histoplasmosis , penicilliosis , and infections by Scedosporium or Fusarium . [ 5 ]
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a branch of clinical chemistry and clinical pharmacology that specializes in the measurement of medication levels in blood. Its main focus is on drugs with a narrow therapeutic range , i.e. drugs that can easily be under- or overdosed. [ 1 ]
Clinical monitoring is the oversight and administrative efforts that monitor a participant's health and efficacy of the treatment during a clinical trial.Both independent and government-run grant-funding agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [1] and the World Health Organization (WHO), [2] require data and safety monitoring protocols for Phase I and II clinical trials ...
Pharmacovigilance (PV, or PhV), also known as drug safety, is the pharmaceutical science relating to the "collection, detection, assessment, monitoring, and prevention" of adverse effects with pharmaceutical products. [1]: 7 The etymological roots for the word "pharmacovigilance" are: pharmakon (Greek for drug) and vigilare (Latin for to keep watch
The common ground for monitoring and evaluation is that they are both management tools. For monitoring, data and information collection for tracking progress according to the terms of reference is gathered periodically which is not the case in evaluations for which the data and information collection is happening during or in view of the ...
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
Intravitreal injection was first mentioned in a study in 1911, in which the injection of air was used to repair a detached retina. [6] [7] [8] There were also investigations evaluating intravitreal antibiotics injection using sulfanilamide and penicillin to treat endophthalmitis in the 1940s, yet due to the inconsistency of results and safety concerns, this form of drug delivery was only for ...
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (aka Essential Medicines List or EML [1]), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system. [2]