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Metallurgists throughout medieval Europe were generally free to move within different regions. For instance, German metallurgists in search of rich precious metal ores took the lead in mining and influenced the course of metal production, not only in East and South Germany but also in almost all of Central Europe and the Eastern Alps.
There was no fundamental change in the technology of iron production in Europe for many centuries. European metal workers continued to produce iron in bloomeries. However, the Medieval period brought two developments—the use of water power in the bloomery process in various places (outlined above), and the first European production in cast iron.
Early Christian Ireland began after the country emerged from a mysterious decline in population and standards of living that archaeological evidence suggests lasted from c. 100 to 300 AD. During this period, called the Irish Dark Age by Thomas Charles-Edwards , the population was entirely rural and dispersed, with small ringforts the largest ...
O'Brien W. 1996. Bronze Age copper mining in Britain and Ireland. Buckinghamshire: Shire Publications Ltd. O'Brien W. 2003. THE BRONZE AGE COPPER MINES OF THE GOLEEN AREA,CO. CORK . Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Vol. 103C, No. 2, 13–59. O'Brien W. 2004. ROSS ISLAND: Mining, Metal and Society in Early Ireland.
This only permitted the production of a limited range of artifacts like awls, pins, or beads. In larger objects, the metal cracks when it is cold-hammered. Stage B: Annealing the metal on an open fire (200–300 °C or 390–570 °F is hot enough) reduces its hardness considerably and gives in malleability. This permits the manufacture of ...
National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology, Kildare Street, Dublin. An Insular crozier is a type of processional bishop's staff [1] produced in Ireland and Scotland between 800 and 1200. Such items can be distinguished from mainland European types by their curved and open crooks, and drop (that is, the hollow box-like extension at the end of ...
Medieval technology is the technology in medieval Europe under Christian rule. After the Renaissance of the 12th century , medieval Europe saw a radical change in the rate of new inventions, innovations in the ways of managing traditional means of production, and economic growth. [ 2 ]
Tide mills, along with riverine ship mills, were a major early medieval technological advance, allowing to tap the tidal power along the Atlantic Coast for milling.. This list of early medieval watermills comprises a selection of European watermills spanning the early Middle Ages, from 500 to 1000 AD.