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In the Republic, legions had an ephemeral existence. Except for Legio I to IV, which were the consular armies (two per consul), other units were levied by campaign. Rome's Italian allies were required to provide approximately ten cohorts (auxilia were not organised into legions) to support each Roman Legion.
At the time of the Pyrrhic War, the Roman army in the field consisted of four armies, [7] each of which contained two legions of Roman citizens and two units of allies. Each legion consisted of 4,200–5,000 infantry [ 8 ] and 300 cavalry, [ 8 ] while the allied units had an equal number of infantry but three times as many cavalry (900 cavalry ...
Nero, Sestertius with countermark "X" of Legio X Gemina. Obv: Laureate bust right. Rev: Nero riding horse right, holding spear, DECVRSIO in exergue; S C across fields. This is a list of Roman legions, including key facts about each legion, primarily focusing on the Principate (early Empire, 27 BC – 284 AD) legions, for which there exists substantial literary, epigraphic and archaeological ...
Note: Except for the above, all World War II legions fought on the German side. Free Arabian Legion , Arab volunteers, notably from Iraq , and North Africa fighting on the German side. Armenian or Armenische Legion , name given to the 812th Armenian Battalion of the German Army, made up largely of Armenian Red Army prisoners of war
From 338 BC to 88 BC Roman legions were invariably accompanied on campaign by an equal number of somewhat larger allied units called alae (literally: 'wings', as allied troops would always be posted on the flanks of the Roman battle line, with the Roman legions holding the centre). 75% of a normal consular army's cavalry was supplied by the ...
Contubernium – The smallest organized unit of soldiers in the Roman Army. It was composed of ten legionaries led by a decanus. When on the march a Legion would often march contubernium-abreast (8-abreast plus 2 support). In the Imperial Legion, ten contubernia formed a centuria.
The Second World War led to the largest buildup of the US infantry to date. Between 1941 and 1943, there was a 60 percent increase, so that 317 infantry regiments of various types were mobilized by the end of the war. These included previously unknown infantry types such as the three mountain, 12 glider and 16 paratrooper regiments.
The military of ancient Rome was one of largest pre-modern professional standing armies that ever existed. At its height, protecting over 7,000 kilometers of border and consisting of over 400,000 legionaries and auxiliaries, the army was the most important institution in the Roman world.