Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
It is thought that both cytokines reduce the rate of apoptosis in human alveolar macrophages, thus indirectly enhancing alveolar macrophage-mediated inhibition of T-cell proliferation. [14] There is a significant increase in the basal rate of apoptosis upon activation by bacterial products.
They are also called pulmonary macrophages, and dust cells. Alveolar macrophages also play a crucial role in immune responses against viral pathogens in the lungs. [25] They secrete cytokines and chemokines, which recruit and activate other immune cells, initiate type I interferon signaling, and inhibit the nuclear export of viral genomes. [25]
Smoker's macrophages are alveolar macrophages whose characteristics, including appearance, cellularity, phenotypes, immune response, and other functions, have been affected upon the exposure to cigarettes. [1] These altered immune cells are derived from several signaling pathways and are able to induce numerous respiratory diseases.
Macrophages are found in essentially all tissues, [4] where they patrol for potential pathogens by amoeboid movement. They take various forms (with various names) throughout the body (e.g., histiocytes, Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, microglia, and others), but all are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
General macrophage targets [10] [8] Kupffer cell: Monocyte: Macrophage: Stellate macrophages; Kupffer–Browicz cells; Liver macrophage; Macrophagocytus stellatus; 20-21 Foreign debris; General macrophage targets [11] [8] Alveolar macrophage: Monocyte: Macrophage: Pulmonary macrophage; Dust cell; 20-21 Carbon debris from lungs; General ...
Macrophage polarization is a process by which macrophages adopt different functional programs in response to the signals from their microenvironment. This ability is connected to their multiple roles in the organism: they are powerful effector cells of the innate immune system, but also important in removal of cellular debris, embryonic development and tissue repair.
The viruses can invade lung epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages to produce viral nucleic acid, which stimulates the infected cells to release cytokines and chemokines, activating macrophages, dendritic cells, and others. [5] Cytokine storm syndrome is a diverse set of conditions
A macrophage-activating factor (MAF) is a lymphokine or other receptor based signal that primes macrophages towards cytotoxicity to tumors, cytokine secretion, or clearance of pathogens. Similar molecules may cause development of an inhibitory, regulatory phenotype.