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Finally, note that the benzodiazepine core is a privileged scaffold, which has been used to derive drugs with diverse activity that is not limited to the GABA A modulatory action of the classical benzodiazepines, [60] such as devazepide and tifluadom, however these have not been included in the list below. 2,3-benzodiazepines such as tofisopam ...
The nonbenzodiazepines, also called benzodiazepine-like drugs, are a class of psychoactive drugs pharmacologically resembling the benzodiazepines, with similar benefits, side effects and risks, despite having dissimilar or entirely different chemical structures.
One of the recommended benzodiazepine taper is to reduce the dose by 50% in the first 4 weeks, maintain the dose for 1–2 months, and then reduce the dose by 25% every 2 weeks. [15] Other common side effects of benzodiazepines are drowsiness, dizziness, somnolence and increased risk of ataxia.
[81] [102] Less common side effects include nausea and changes in appetite, blurred vision, confusion, euphoria, depersonalization and nightmares. Cases of liver toxicity have been described but are very rare. [24]: 183–189 [106] The long-term effects of benzodiazepine use can include cognitive impairment as well as affective and behavioural ...
A review of the literature regarding benzodiazepine hypnotics and Z-drugs concluded that these drugs can have adverse effects, such as dependence and accidents, and that optimal treatment uses the lowest effective dose for the shortest therapeutic time period, with gradual discontinuation in order to improve health without worsening of sleep. [9]
Lexotan medicine package from 2006. Medical uses include treatment of severe anxiety. [6] Despite certain side effects and the emergence of alternative products (e.g. pregabalin), benzodiazepine medication remains an effective way of reducing problematic symptoms, and is typically deemed effective by patients [7] [8] and medical professionals.
The following benzodiazepines are used to treat status epilepticus: Diazepam (1963). Can be given rectally by trained care-givers. Midazolam (N/A). Increasingly being used as an alternative to diazepam. This water-soluble drug is squirted into the side of the mouth but not swallowed. It is rapidly absorbed by the buccal mucosa. Lorazepam (1972 ...
As a benzodiazepine, alprazolam produces a variety of therapeutic and adverse effects by binding to the GABA A benzodiazepine receptor site and modulating its function; GABA receptors are the most prolific inhibitory receptor within the brain. The GABA chemical and receptor system mediates the inhibitory or calming effects of alprazolam on the ...
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