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2. Power-on self-test - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test

   A modern PC with a bus rate of around 1 GHz and a 32-bit bus might be 2000x or even 5000x faster, but might have many more GB's of memory. With boot times more of a concern now than in the 1980s, the 30- to 60-second memory test adds undesirable delay for a benefit of confidence that is not perceived to be worth that cost by most users.

3. Apple Partition Map - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Partition_Map

   The separate boot partition Apple_Boot is mandatory. Apple_Rhapsody_UFS: Unix File System: Mac OS X Server: This partition contains a Unix File System (UFS) used by the Apple Rhapsody operating system (a development name marking the transition from OPENSTEP to Mac OS X) and is also used by Mac OS X Server 1.0 through 1.2 v3. Apple_Scratch: empty

4. Booting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting

   Typically, the system firmware (UEFI or BIOS) will allow the user to configure a boot order. If the boot order is set to "first, the DVD drive; second, the hard disk drive", then the firmware will try to boot from the DVD drive, and if this fails (e.g. because there is no DVD in the drive), it will try to boot from the local hard disk drive.

5. Macintosh startup - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_startup

   A new Happy Mac was introduced in Mac OS X 10.1, which looked largely identical to that found in previous Classic Mac OS operating systems with some minor changes. This is also the last version of Mac OS as a whole (both Classic Mac OS and Max OS X) to use the Happy Mac icon. The Mac OS X startup screen from versions 10.2 to 10.9, displaying a ...

6. BIOS - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS

   The motherboard BIOS scans for extension ROMs in a portion of the "upper memory area" (the part of the x86 real-mode address space at and above address 0xA0000) and runs each ROM found, in order. To discover memory-mapped option ROMs, a BIOS implementation scans the real-mode address space from 0x0C0000 to 0x0F0000 on 2 KB (2,048 bytes ...

7. Boot ROM - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_ROM

   The boot ROM of NXP systems on a chip (SOCs) support configuring the peripherals through specific pins of the system on a chip. On the i.MX6 family it also supports configuring the boot order through efuses. The boot ROM of several NXP SoCs have many ways to load the first stage bootloader (from eMMC, microSD, USB, etc.).

8. IO.SYS - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IO.SYS

   In the PC bootup sequence, the first sector of the boot disk is loaded into memory and executed. If this is the DOS boot sector, it loads the first three sectors of IO.SYS into memory and transfers control to it. IO.SYS then: Loads the rest of itself into memory. Initializes each default device driver in turn (console, disk, serial port, etc ...

9. Volume boot record - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_boot_record

   The boot code in the VBR can assume that the BIOS has set up its data structures and interrupts and initialized the hardware. The code should not assume more than 32 KB of memory to be present for fail-safe operation; [1] if it needs more memory it should query INT 12h for it, since other pre-boot code (such as f.e. BIOS extension overlays, encryption systems, or remote bootstrap loaders) may ...