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  2. Consideration under American law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consideration_under...

    Consideration is the price one pays for another's promise. It can take a number of forms: money, property, a promise, the doing of an act, or even refraining from doing an act. In broad terms, if one agrees to do something he was not otherwise legally obligated to do, it may be said that he has given consideration.

  3. List of judgments of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_judgments_of_the...

    R v Copeland [2020] UKSC 8: 11 March Criminal law, Explosive Substances Act 1883: A person was not guilty under section 4(1) of the Explosive Substances Act 1883 where the explosives were being used for experimentation and self-education and did not have an ulterior unlawful purpose. [8] MS (Pakistan) v Secretary of State for the Home Department

  4. Copland v United Kingdom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copland_v_United_Kingdom

    Copland v United Kingdom [2007] ECHR 253 is an ECHR case about UK labour law, English contract law case and health care in the UK. Facts.

  5. Consideration in English law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consideration_in_English_law

    Consideration is an English common law concept within the law of contract, and is a necessity for simple contracts (but not for special contracts by deed).The concept of consideration has been adopted by other common law jurisdictions, including in the United States.

  6. Copeland v Greenhalf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copeland_v_Greenhalf

    Copeland v Greenhalf [1952] Ch 488 is an English property law case establishing that excessive use of another's land cannot be granted by way of an easement. The defendant claimed that he held a prescriptive right to leave an unlimited number of cars on his neighbour's land, by way of such a right having existed for some fifty years previously.

  7. Consideration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consideration

    Consideration is a concept of English common law and is a necessity for simple contracts but not for special contracts (contracts by deed). The concept has been adopted by other common law jurisdictions. The court in Currie v Misa [1] declared consideration to be a "Right, Interest, Profit, Benefit, or Forbearance, Detriment, Loss ...

  8. Copeland's method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copeland's_method

    The Copeland or Llull method is a ranked-choice voting system based on counting each candidate's pairwise wins and losses. In the system, voters rank candidates from best to worst on their ballot. Candidates then compete in a round-robin tournament , where the ballots are used to determine which candidate would be preferred by a majority of ...

  9. Pre-existing duty rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-existing_duty_rule

    The leading case is Stilk v Myrick (1809), [3] where a captain promised 8 crew the wages of two deserters provided the remainders completed the voyage. The shipowner refused to honour the agreement; the court deemed the eight crew were unable to enforce the deal as they had an existing obligation to sail the ship and meet "ordinary foreseeable emergencies".