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Because mesons are composed of quark subparticles, they have a meaningful physical size, a diameter of roughly one femtometre (10 −15 m), [1] which is about 0.6 times the size of a proton or neutron. All mesons are unstable, with the longest-lived lasting for only a few tenths of a nanosecond.
In the original eightfold way, the mesons were organized into octets and singlets. This is one of the finer points of differences between the eightfold way and the quark model it inspired, which suggests the mesons should be grouped into nonets (groups of nine).
Mesons are made of a valence quark–antiquark pair (thus have a baryon number of 0), while baryons are made of three quarks (thus have a baryon number of 1). This article discusses the quark model for the up, down, and strange flavors of quark (which form an approximate flavor SU(3) symmetry). There are generalizations to larger number of flavors.
Mesons named with the letter "f" are scalar mesons (as opposed to a pseudo-scalar meson), and mesons named with the letter "a" are axial-vector mesons (as opposed to an ordinary vector meson) a.k.a. an isoscalar vector meson, while the letters "b" and "h" refer to axial-vector mesons with positive parity, negative C-parity, and quantum numbers I G of 1 + and 0 − respectively.
) which decays into a down quark (d) and a down antiquark (d). In particle physics, a kaon, also called a K meson and denoted K, [a] is any of a group of four mesons distinguished by a quantum number called strangeness. In the quark model they are understood to be bound states of a strange quark (or antiquark) and an up or down antiquark (or ...
In the 1970s he was a co-inventor of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which explains the confinement of quarks in mesons and baryons and forms a large part of the Standard Model of elementary particles and forces. Murray Gell-Mann received the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles.
Each quark which appears in an η particle is accompanied by its antiquark, hence all the main quantum numbers are zero, and the particle overall is "flavourless". The basic SU(3) symmetry theory of quarks for the three lightest quarks, which only takes into account the strong force, predicts corresponding particles
Strange B mesons are noted for their ability to oscillate between matter and antimatter via a box-diagram with Δm s = 17.77 ± 0.10 (stat) ± 0.07 (syst) ps −1 measured by CDF experiment at Fermilab. [1] That is, a meson composed of a bottom quark and strange antiquark, the strange B