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IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), formerly known as IgG4-related systemic disease, is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by tissue infiltration with lymphocytes and IgG4-secreting plasma cells, various degrees of fibrosis (scarring) and a usually prompt response to oral steroids.
IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is the recommended term to describe orbital (eye socket) manifestations of the systemic condition IgG4-related disease, [2] which is characterised by infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells and subsequent fibrosis in involved structures. It can involve one or more of the orbital structures.
Although a clear understanding of the various skin lesions in IgG4-related disease is a work in progress, skin lesions have been classified into subtypes based on documented cases: [2] Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (or lesions that mimic it) [3] and cutaneous pseudolymphoma; Cutaneous plasmacytosis [Note 1]
IgG deficiency is a form of dysgammaglobulinemia where the proportional levels of the IgG isotype are reduced relative to other immunoglobulin isotypes.. IgG deficiency is often found in children as transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy, which may occur with or without additional decreases in IgA or IgM.
Immunizing mice against a rhesus immunoglobulin gives rise to anti-rhesus IgG4. [30] Anti-Rhesus IgG4 [7A8] This is a recombinant monoclonal antibody to rhesus IgG4. It specifically reacts with rhesus IgG4 via ELISA. Specificity of anti-rhesus IgG4 to rhesus IgG1 was confirmed through antibody responses to HIV-1 vaccine in rhesus macaques. [31]
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is an effector function of IgG and IgM antibodies.When they are bound to surface antigen on target cell (e.g. bacterial or viral infected cell), the classical complement pathway is triggered by bonding protein C1q to these antibodies, resulting in formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC) and target cell lysis.
IgG4-related autoimmune diseases are characterized by excessive fibrosis. In case of Riedel's thyroiditis, fibrosis extends beyond the capsule and involves contiguous neck structures, clinically simulating thyroid carcinoma. There is a rapid thyroid enlargement. Compression of trachea, dysphagia are probable outcomes.
The water-accessible surface area of an IgG antibody. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody.Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. [1]