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The three major isotopes used in aquatic ecosystem food web analysis are 13 C, 15 N and 34 S. While all three indicate information on trophic dynamics, it is common to perform analysis on at least two of the previously mentioned three isotopes for better understanding of marine trophic interactions and for stronger results.
In the case of the hydrogen isotope tritium (half-life = 12.3 years) and carbon-14 (half-life = 5,730 years), these isotopes derive their importance from all organic life containing hydrogen and carbon and therefore can be used to study countless living processes, reactions, and phenomena.
The concentration of all these isotopes in the Irish Sea attributable to nuclear facilities such as Sellafield has significantly decreased in recent decades. An important part of the Chernobyl release was the caesium-137, this isotope is responsible for much of the long term (at least one year after the fire) external exposure which has ...
A nuclide is a species of an atom with a specific number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, for example, carbon-13 with 6 protons and 7 neutrons. The nuclide concept (referring to individual nuclear species) emphasizes nuclear properties over chemical properties, whereas the isotope concept (grouping all atoms of each element) emphasizes chemical over nuclear.
Of the different isotopes that exist, one common classification is distinguishing radioactive isotopes from stable isotopes. Radioactive isotopes are isotopes that will decay into a different isotope. For example, 3 H is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. It decays into 3 He with a half-life of ~12.3 years.
They have shorter half-lives than primordial radionuclides. They arise in the decay chain of the primordial isotopes thorium-232, uranium-238, and uranium-235. Examples include the natural isotopes of polonium and radium. Cosmogenic isotopes, such as carbon-14, are present because they are continually being formed in the atmosphere due to ...
Three of them, including the Javan rhino, are critically endangered, while two are threatened. The Javan rhino is the most endangered of the five species. It is also one of the rarest large ...
Sulfur has four stable isotopes, 32 S, 33 S, 34 S, and 36 S, of which 32 S is the most abundant by a large margin due to the fact it is created by the very common 12 C in supernovas. Sulfur isotope ratios are almost always expressed as ratios relative to 32 S due to this major relative abundance (95.0%).