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  2. Cell signaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_signaling

    At the end, the end of a signal pathway leads to the regulation of a cellular activity. This response can take place in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm of the cell. A majority of signaling pathways control protein synthesis by turning certain genes on and off in the nucleus. [44]

  3. List of signalling pathways - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_signalling_pathways

    In cell biology, there are a multitude of signalling pathways. Cell signalling is part of the molecular biology system that controls and coordinates the actions of cells. Akt/PKB signalling pathway; AMPK signalling pathway; cAMP-dependent pathway; Eph/ephrin signalling pathway; Hedgehog signalling pathway; Hippo signalling pathway

  4. Signal transduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction

    The changes elicited by ligand binding (or signal sensing) in a receptor give rise to a biochemical cascade, which is a chain of biochemical events known as a signaling pathway. When signaling pathways interact with one another they form networks, which allow cellular responses to be coordinated, often by combinatorial signaling events. [2]

  5. Wnt signaling pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wnt_signaling_pathway

    Three Wnt signaling pathways have been characterized: the canonical Wnt pathway, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway. All three pathways are activated by the binding of a Wnt-protein ligand to a Frizzled family receptor, which passes the biological signal to the Dishevelled protein inside the ...

  6. Biochemical cascade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

    The Insulin Signaling Pathway; The Sonic hedgehog Signaling Pathway; The Wnt signaling pathway; The JAK-STAT signaling pathway; The Adrenergic receptor Pathways; The Acetylcholine receptor Pathways; The Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade; Conversely, negative cascades include events that are in a circular fashion, or can cause or be ...

  7. MAPK/ERK pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAPK/ERK_pathway

    The signal that starts the MAPK/ERK pathway is the binding of extracellular mitogen to a cell surface receptor.This allows a Ras protein (a Small GTPase) to swap a GDP molecule for a GTP molecule, flipping the "on/off switch" of the pathway.

  8. Biological pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pathway

    Such a pathway can trigger the assembly of new molecules, such as a fat or protein. Pathways can also turn genes on and off, or spur a cell to move. [1] Some of the most common biological pathways are involved in metabolism, the regulation of gene expression and the transmission of signals. Pathways play a key role in advanced studies of genomics.

  9. Autophosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophosphorylation

    Therefore, it is an effective method of turning 'on' and 'off' kinase activity. Because of this it is recognized as an essential process in cell signaling. [3] Addition of a negatively charged phosphate group brings about a change in the microenvironment that may lead to attraction or repulsion of other residues or molecules.