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Existentiell and existential are key terms in Martin Heidegger's early philosophy.Existentiell refers to the aspects of the world which are identifiable as particular delimited questions or issues, whereas existential refers to Being as such, which permeates all things, so to speak, and can not be delimited in such a way as to be susceptible to factual knowledge.
In situation theory, situation semantics (pioneered by Jon Barwise and John Perry in the early 1980s) [1] attempts to provide a solid theoretical foundation for reasoning about common-sense and real world situations, typically in the context of theoretical linguistics, theoretical philosophy, or applied natural language processing,
This theory goes opposite to dualism in the way that it proposes no gap between the human mind and measurable matter. [2] Subjects are taught to think in the terms of being alone with oneself and grasping concepts of personhood , mortality and the dilemma or paradox of living in relationship with other humans while being ultimately alone with ...
Types in the theory are defined by applying two forms of type abstraction, starting with an initial collection of basic types. Basic types: TIM: the type of a temporal location; LOC: the type of a spatial location; IND: the type of an individual; RELn: the type of an n-place relation; SIT: the type of a situation; INF: the type of an infon
A free logic is a logic with fewer existential presuppositions than classical logic. Free logics may allow for terms that do not denote any object. Free logics may also allow models that have an empty domain .
Heidegger responds to Sartre's famous address, Existentialism is a Humanism, employing modes of being in an attempt to ground his concept of freedom ontologically by distinguishing between being-in-itself and being-for-itself. Sartre's existentialism is criticized in the letter: Existentialism says existence precedes essence.
In fact, in the Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, [9] Sosa defines a condition to be a state of affairs, "way things are" or situation—most commonly referred to by a nominalization of a sentence. The expression "Snow's being white", which refers to the condition snow's being white, is a nominalization of the sentence "Snow is white". [9]
A limit situation (German: Grenzsituation) is any of certain situations in which a human being is said to have experiences that differ from those arising from ordinary situations. [ 1 ] The concept was developed by Karl Jaspers , who considered fright, guilt, finality and suffering as some of the key limit situations arising in everyday life.