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The garden city movement was a 20th century urban planning movement promoting satellite communities surrounding the central city and separated with greenbelts. These Garden Cities would contain proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.
Garden Cities of To-morrow is a book by the British urban planner Ebenezer Howard. When it was published in 1898, the book was titled To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform. In 1902, it was reprinted as Garden Cities of To-Morrow. The book gave rise to the garden city movement and is very important in the field of urban design. [1] [2]
Sir Ebenezer Howard OBE (29 January 1850 [1] – 1 May 1928) [2] was an English urban planner and founder of the garden city movement, known for his publication To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform (1898), the description of a utopian city in which people live harmoniously together with nature.
Similar to the garden city movement, he also believed in adding green areas to these urban regions. [27] The Regional Planning Association of America advanced his ideas, coming up with the 'regional city' which would have a variety of urban communities across a green landscape of farms, parks and wilderness with the help of telecommunication ...
Welwyn Garden City, also in Hertfordshire was also built on Howard's principles. His successor as chairman of the Garden City Association was Sir Frederic Osborn, who extended the movement to regional planning. [48] The principles of the garden city were soon applied to the planning of city suburbs.
The Garden City Movement was one of the first proponents for creating communities that accommodate a wide range of community members through a mix in housing types and uses. [12] Increasing urban sprawl , and its associated negative social, environmental, and health effects, prompted a turn in theory towards increasing density in urban areas.
The localities in the following lists have been developed directly as garden cities or their development has been heavily influenced by the garden city movement.Detailed information is collected and provided by World Garden Cities, a knowledge platform created by Museum Het Schip in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
This book introduces the theory, vocabulary and issues of urban spatial design. [3] [4] It identifies and introduces the issue of ‘Lost Spaces’ that had emerged in the cities with the modern urban development and growth. [5] [6] The book was intended primarily for designers and students of the city. The book includes theoretical and ...