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Hydrostatic pressure level sensors are submersible or externally mounted pressure sensors suitable for measuring the level of corrosive liquids in deep tanks or water in reservoirs. Typically, fluid level is determined by the pressure at the bottom of the fluid containment (tank or reservoir); the pressure at the bottom, adjusted for the ...
Beckman Model M pH Meter, 1937 [1] Beckman model 72 pH meter, 1960 781 pH/Ion Meter pH meter by Metrohm. A pH meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH. [2]
In and of themselves, pH indicators are usually weak acids or weak bases. The general reaction scheme of acidic pH indicators in aqueous solutions can be formulated as: HInd (aq) + H 2 O (l) ⇌ H 3 O + (aq) + Ind − (aq) where, "HInd" is the acidic form and "Ind −" is the conjugate base of the indicator. Vice versa for basic pH indicators ...
Pure water has a pH of 7 at 25 °C, meaning it is neutral. When an acid is dissolved in water, the pH will be less than 7, while a base , or alkali , will have a pH greater than 7. A strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid , at concentration 1 mol dm −3 has a pH of 0, while a strong alkali like sodium hydroxide , at the same concentration, has ...
The ultra pure water has pH value of 7. In steam circuit it is normal practice to keep the pH value of feed water at slightly alkaline levels using chemical dosing. This helps in preventing the corrosion of pipe work and other equipment. Typical points in the steam circuit where pH should be monitored are : Drum water, High pressure heaters ...
A float switch is a type of level sensor, a device used to detect the level of liquid within a tank. The switch may be used to control a pump, as an indicator, an alarm, or to control other devices. One type of float switch uses a mercury switch inside a hinged float.
Pressure is measured by pressure sensors (PE) which send pressure (PT) signals to pressure controllers (PIC). Pressure vessels and tanks are fitted with local pressure indicators (PI). In the petrochemical industry pressure is controlled by maintaining a constant pressure in the upper gas space of a vessel.
Digital sensors are widely used in water and industrial processes. They measure parameters such as pH, redox potential, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, ammonium, nitrate, SAC, turbidity. A digital sensor system consists of the sensor itself, a cable, and a transmitter. The differences with analog sensor systems are: