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Coronavirus diseases are caused by viruses in the coronavirus subfamily, a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans and birds, the group of viruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal.
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) authorizes and organizes the taxonomic classification of and the nomenclature for viruses. [1] [2] [3] The ICTV develops a universal taxonomic scheme for viruses, and thus has the means to appropriately describe, name, and classify every virus taxon.
Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms. Viruses are classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms, and the type of disease they cause.
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a type of coronavirus, causes avian infectious bronchitis. [131] The virus is of concern to the poultry industry because of the high mortality from infection, its rapid spread, and its effect on production. [127] The virus affects both meat production and egg production and causes substantial economic loss. [132]
Coronaviridae is a family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect amphibians, birds, and mammals.Commonly referred to as coronaviruses in the English language, the family coronaviridae includes the subfamilies Letovirinae and Orthocoronavirinae; the latter also known as coronavirinae.
Baltimore classification groups viruses together based on their manner of mRNA synthesis. Characteristics directly related to this include whether the genome is made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA), the strandedness of the genome, which can be either single- or double-stranded, and the sense of a single-stranded genome, which is either positive or negative.
Federal grant documents that contained a “blueprint” for creating the virus that causes COVID-19 may have been wrongly classified by the Defense Department, leading to a “flawed” intel probe.
Dozens of captive animal species have been found infected or proven able to be experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The virus has also been found in over a dozen wild animal species. Most animal species that can get the virus have not been proven to be able to spread it back to humans.