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In 2022, the commercially most important types of bioplastics were PLA and products based on starch. [14] With continued research on bioplastics, investment in bioplastic companies and rising scrutiny on fossil-based plastics, bioplastics are becoming more dominant in some markets, while the output of fossil plastics also steadily increases.
The definition of bioplastics is still up for debate. The phrase is frequently used to refer to a wide range of diverse goods that may be biobased, biodegradable, or both. This could imply that polymers made from oil can be branded as "bioplastics" even if they have no biological components at all. [5]
Accelerated soil burial tests are used to record the degradation process of the plastic in the ground by replicating the conditions of a landfill, a typical disposal site for plastics. These tests are used after the service life of the material has been depleted, and the next step for the material is disposal.
Declining soil quality is a food security concern across Africa. In Zimbabwe, once a regional breadbasket, about 70% of soils are acidic, according to the government.
[1] [2] Current science is not clear if there are negative impacts on food or once food grown in plasticulture is eaten by humans. [1] Because of these impacts, some governments, like the European Union under the Circular Economy Action Plan , are beginning to regulate its use and plastic waste produced on farms.
Biodegradable technology is established technology with some applications in product packaging, production, and medicine. [31] The chief barrier to widespread implementation is the trade-off between biodegradability and performance. For example, lactide-based plastics are inferior packaging properties in comparison to traditional materials.
The need to monitor and avoid the negative effects of agricultural land use such as soil erosion has formed the basis of the discourse and awareness on soil governance, [1] and has also seen the emergence of science and technology as the link between soil management and governance. [5]
Africa has the world's oldest record of human technological achievement: the oldest surviving stone tools in the world have been found in eastern Africa, and later evidence for tool production by humans' hominin ancestors has been found across West, Central, Eastern and Southern Africa. [1] The history of science and technology in Africa since ...