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Urinary tract infections, even asymptomatic presence of bacteria in the urine, are more concerning in pregnancy due to the increased risk of kidney infections. [42] During pregnancy, high progesterone levels elevate the risk of decreased muscle tone of the ureters and bladder, which leads to a greater likelihood of reflux, where urine flows ...
Nitrofurantoin cannot be used to treat infections other than simple cystitis. At the concentrations achieved in urine (>100 μg/mL), nitrofurantoin is a bactericide. It is bacteriostatic against most susceptible organisms at concentrations less than 32 μg/mL. [9] Nitrofurantoin and the quinolone antibiotics are mutually antagonistic in vitro ...
The symptoms of urethritis can include pain or a burning sensation upon urination , a white/cloudy discharge and a feeling that one needs to pass urine frequently. For men, the signs and symptoms are discharge from the penis, burning or pain when urinating, itching, irritation, or tenderness.
Urinary anti-infective agent, also known as urinary antiseptic, is medication that can eliminate microorganisms causing urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI can be categorized into two primary types: cystitis , which refers to lower urinary tract or bladder infection, and pyelonephritis , which indicates upper urinary tract or kidney infection. [ 1 ]
Symptomatic bacteriuria is bacteriuria with the accompanying symptoms of a urinary tract infection (such as frequent urination, painful urination, fever, back pain, abdominal pain and blood in the urine) and includes pyelonephritis or cystitis. [11] The most common cause of urinary tract infections is Escherichia coli. [citation needed]
Symptoms vary based on the cause of the diseases. For infectious causes of urethritis, symptoms may start a few weeks to several months after infection. Non-infectious causes of urethritis commonly show symptoms after a few days. [5] Common symptoms include painful urination, continuous urge to urinate, itching, and urethral discharge.
The scarring of the small blood vessels, called capillary sclerosis, is the initial lesion of analgesic nephropathy. [7] Found in the renal pelvis, ureter, and capillaries supplying the nephrons, capillary sclerosis is thought to lead to renal papillary necrosis and, in turn, chronic interstitial nephritis.
In some men, chronic bacterial prostatitis can be severe and highly refractory to treatment or relapsing. [42] [43] In addition, it can be life-threatening due to urinary tract infections (UTIs). [43] Prostatectomy, or prostate removal surgery, has been used rarely and in well-selected patients to treat these kinds of cases.