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This aerogel has remarkable thermal insulative properties, having an extremely low thermal conductivity: from 0.003 W·m −1 ·K −1 [64] in atmospheric pressure down to 0.004 W·m −1 ·K −1 [59] in modest vacuum, which correspond to R-values of 14 to 105 (US customary) or 3.0 to 22.2 (metric) for 3.5 in (89 mm) thickness. For comparison ...
While not a gas, it is possible to synthesize an ultralight aerogel with a density less than air, the lightest recorded so far reaching a density approximately 1/6th that of air. [13] Aerogels don't float in ambient conditions, however, because air fills the pores of an aerogel's microstructure, so the apparent density of the aerogel is the sum ...
The synthetic method can be extended to many thioanions, including tetrathiomolybdate-based chalcogels. [8] Different metal ions have been used as linkers Co 2+, Ni 2+, Pb 2+, Cd 2+, Bi 3+, Cr 3+. [8] [9] [10] When the gels are dried aerogels with high surface areas are obtained and the materials have multifunctional nature.
[2] Initially, SEAgel starts out as a gelatin-like mixture of agar and water. After it is freeze-dried to remove the water, it is left as a honeycomb of dried agar filled with air, with cell sizes two to three micrometers (2-3 μm) in diameter. SEAgel can have many different uses.
An upturned vial of hair gel Silica gel. A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. [1] [2] Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this system.
Aerographene or graphene aerogel is the least dense solid known to exist, at 160 g/m 3 (0.0100 lb/cu ft; 0.16 mg/cm 3; 4.3 oz/cu yd). [1] The material reportedly can be produced at the scale of cubic meters.
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Fluids which do see industrial application of supercritical drying include carbon dioxide (critical point 304.25 K at 7.39 MPa or 31.1 °C at 1072 psi) and freon (≈300 K at 3.5–4 MPa or 25–0 °C at 500–600 psi). Nitrous oxide has similar physical behavior to carbon dioxide, but is a powerful oxidizer in its supercritical state.