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Those who wish to adopt the textbooks are required to send a request to NCERT, upon which soft copies of the books are received. The material is press-ready and may be printed by paying a 5% royalty, and by acknowledging NCERT. [11] The textbooks are in color-print and are among the least expensive books in Indian book stores. [11]
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. [1] It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances.
According to the National Association of College Stores, the entire cost of the book is justified by expenses, with typically 11.7% of the price of a new book going to the author's royalties (or a committee of editors at the publishing house), 22.7% going to the store, and 64.6% going to the publisher.
Thus, on both descending a period and crossing a group by one element, the changes "cancel" each other out, and elements with similar properties which have similar chemistry are often found – the atomic radius, electronegativity, properties of compounds (and so forth) of the diagonal members are similar.
In the Class 7 textbook topic titled “Our Pasts-2”, pages 48 and 49 have been excluded. These pages mentioned “Mughal Emperors: Major campaigns and events.” The deletions also affected Biology and Chemistry textbooks as the theory of evolution and the periodic table were also purged from class 10 NCERT textbooks. [35] [36]
Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is different from chemical thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in which a reaction occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate.
In thermodynamics, the ebullioscopic constant K b relates molality b to boiling point elevation. [1] It is the ratio of the latter to the former: = i is the van 't Hoff factor, the number of particles the solute splits into or forms when dissolved.
In chemistry, the electromeric effect is a molecular polarization occurring by an intramolecular electron displacement, characterized by the substitution of one electron pair for another within the same atomic octet of electrons. It is sometimes called the conjugative mechanism, and previously, the tautomeric mechanism.
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