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Penile cancer is a rare cancer in developed nations, with annual incidence varying from 0.3 to 1 per 100,000 per year, accounting for around 0.4–0.6% of all malignancies. [4] The annual incidence is approximately 1 in 100,000 men in the United States, [28] 1 in 250,000 in Australia, [29] and 0.82 per 100,000 in Denmark. [30]
The course of treatment depends on the stage of the lesion; topical therapy is necessary for the early plaque stage, while more aggressive therapy is required for the advanced stages. [2] When there is no histological indication of cancer, cryotherapy and topical 5-flourouracil are the recommended courses of treatment. [7]
Balanitis caused by smegma. Inflammation has many possible causes, including irritation by environmental substances, certain medications, physical trauma, and infection such as bacterial, viral, or fungal. [6] [7] Some of these infections are sexually transmitted, however a yeast infection, Candida balanitis, is generally not categorized as such.
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, of unknown cause, which can affect any body part of any person, but has a strong preference for the genitals (penis, vulva), and is also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans when it affects the penis.
The three most statistically frequently occurring diseases of the prostate gland are benign hyperplasia (a swelling of the gland, not due to cancerous accumulation), prostatitis (inflammation), and cancer [6] (which is the accumulation of malignant cells in the gland).
Men make up about 1% of all breast cancer cases, which means 1 in 726 men will be diagnosed in their lifetimes. The diagnosis is rare in men, but that is still a lot of men getting breast cancer.
[5] [7] Occasionally, phimosis may be caused by an underlying condition such as scarring due to balanitis or balanitis xerotica obliterans. [5] This can typically be diagnosed by seeing scarring of the opening of the foreskin. [5] Generally, treatment is not considered necessary unless the foreskin still cannot be retracted by the age of 18. [4]
Excessive unprotected exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays can cause skin damage, eye damage, immune suppression, and skin cancer. Even people in their 20s can develop skin cancer.