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For an electromagnetic wave, the coherence time is the time over which a propagating wave (especially a laser or maser beam) may be considered coherent, meaning that its phase is, on average, predictable. In long-distance transmission systems, the coherence time may be reduced by propagation factors such as dispersion, scattering, and diffraction.
The da Vinci Surgical System is a robotic surgical system. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console. This minimally invasive surgical approach is commonly used for prostatectomies and increasingly for cardiac valve repair and gynaecologic surgical procedures. [14] [15] A da Vinci Surgical System costs approximately $1.5 million. [16]
With PRK, the corneal epithelium is removed and discarded, allowing the cells to regenerate after the surgery. The procedure is distinct from LASIK (laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis), a form of laser eye surgery where a permanent flap is created in the deeper layers of the cornea. However, PRK takes longer to heal and can, initially, cause ...
Laser surgery is a type of surgery that cuts tissue using a laser in contrast to using a scalpel. [ 1 ] Soft-tissue laser surgery is used in a variety of applications in humans ( general surgery , neurosurgery , ENT , dentistry , orthodontics , [ 2 ] and oral and maxillofacial surgery ) as well as veterinary [ 3 ] surgical fields.
Photoacoustic imaging or optoacoustic imaging is a biomedical imaging modality based on the photoacoustic effect.Non-ionizing laser pulses are delivered into biological tissues and part of the energy will be absorbed and converted into heat, leading to transient thermoelastic expansion and thus wideband (i.e. MHz) ultrasonic emission.
Nevertheless, the intuitive pure-frequency heterodyne concept still holds perfectly for the wideband case provided that the signal and LO are mutually coherent. Crucially, one can obtain narrow-band interference from coherent broadband sources: this is the basis for white light interferometry and optical coherence tomography.
A coherent perfect absorber (CPA), or anti-laser, is a device which absorbs coherent waves, such as coherent light waves, and converts them into some form of internal energy, e.g. heat or electrical energy. [1] [2] It is the time-reversed counterpart of a laser. [3]
During the late 1990s and the 2000s, researchers (including Finkelstein, [4] Schmidt, Larrosa [5] and others) published data which questioned the efficiency of the treatment and demonstrated that in a considerable number of cases, laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty may also cause mild obstructive sleep apnea in patients who has been nonapneic ...