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There may be red streaming eyes or no symptoms. [3] The cause is HSV 1 and 2. [2] It can infect the unborn baby, but more often passes to the baby during childbirth. [4] Onset is typically in the first six weeks after birth. [3] The baby is at greater risk of being affected if the mother contracts HSV in later pregnancy. [2]
In infants that weigh under 1500 g, sepsis is the most common cause of death. Three to four percent of infants per 1000 births contract sepsis. The mortality rate from sepsis is near 25%. [36] Infected sepsis in an infant can be identified by culturing the blood and spinal fluid and if suspected, intravenous antibiotics are usually started.
Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to any species of the genus Candida (a yeast). [4] When it affects the mouth, in some countries it is commonly called thrush. [3] Signs and symptoms include white patches on the tongue or other areas of the mouth and throat. [3]
Congenital cutaneous candidiasis is a type of candida infection in newborn babies, which appears as generalized red patches and small bumps on the skin or in the mouth, appearing at birth or a few days after birth. [3] [4] It can also occur as more serious widespread disseminated type. [3]
Neonatal sepsis is the single most common cause of neonatal death in hospital as well as community in developing country. It is difficult to clinically exclude sepsis in newborns less than 90 days old that have fever (defined as a temperature > 38 °C (100.4 °F).
The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country. The child mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants and children under five years old per 100,000 live births.
[7] [6] The baby can create cracked nipples due to the strong sucking pressure, stretching and pulling the nipple, the friction and rubbing of skin to skin. [2] [7] The cause of sore, cracked nipples can also be from a yeast or Candida infection in the baby or the mother or both. Thrush can develop after the use of antibiotics. [2]
For infants that have concerning features on history or physical, and are thus categorized as high-risk, further evaluation is warranted. This will vary greatly depending on the infants symptoms, but may include, urinalysis, complete blood count, imaging with chest x-ray, and laboratory screening for ingestion of medications or poisons.