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Biking enthusiasts rank Shark helmets in the top 10 safest brands. [4] [6] Though Shark has factories in Thailand, Portugal, and Normandy, France, design work is done only in Marseille. [2] [12] [19] By the end of the 1990s, Thailand primarily manufactured composite models, "the lightest and also the most expensive" part of the helmets. [7]
Full-face helmets offer much more protection than open-face helmets. [16] Several manufacturers have introduced full-face helmets with a flip-up front, combining the protection of a full-face with the ease of communication and donning or doffing that an open-face gives. [15]: 50 Studies have consistently shown that wearing a helmet: [17] [18]
A 2008 systematic study showed that helmets reduce the risk of head injury by around 69% and the risk of death by around 42%. [10]Although it was once speculated that wearing a motorcycle helmet increased neck and spinal injuries in a crash, recent evidence has shown the opposite to be the case: helmets protect against cervical spine injury.
At the top of the hierarchy are elimination and substitution, which remove the hazard entirely or replace the hazard with a safer alternative. If elimination or substitution measures cannot be applied, engineering controls and administrative controls – which seek to design safer mechanisms and coach safer human behavior – are implemented.
A police officer in Taiwan wears a white motorcycle helmet in conjunction with a high-visibility vest. According to a 2004 study, the wearing of reflective or fluorescent clothing correlated with a 37 percent lower risk of a rider sustaining a crash-related injury; likewise, white helmets demonstrated a 24 percent reduction.
The "Bell Helmet Company" was established as a division of Bell Auto Parts in 1956. [2] Bell introduced its Star model, the first full-face motorcycle helmet on the market, in 1968. [4] In 1971, Bell produced the first full-face off-road motorcycle helmet. [5] Bell made its first production helmet in 1954.
Data for specific vehicles can be found on various automotive review websites. Some sample data is as follows, for comparative purposes: The 1998 Ford Windstar, marketed as one of the safest minivans of that year, tested out to a HIC=305 score for driver [7] A small car, a 1998 Dodge Neon, tested at HIC=265. [8]
Some of this subject matter is hotly debated: for example, which types of cycling environment or cycling infrastructure is safest for cyclists. The merits of obeying the traffic laws and using bicycle lighting at night are less controversial. Wearing a bicycle helmet may reduce the chance of head injury in the event of a crash. [1]