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  2. Proximal femoral focal deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximal_femoral_focal...

    There are typically four classes (or types) of PFFD, ranging from class A to class D, as detailed by Aitken. [4] [5]Type A — The femur bone is slightly shorter on the proximal end (near the hip), and the femoral head (the ball of the thigh bone that goes into the hip socket) may not be solid enough to be seen on X-rays at birth, but later hardens (ossifies).

  3. Congenital vertebral anomaly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_vertebral_anomaly

    This L6-S1 joint creates additional motion, increasing the potential for motion-related stress and lower back pain/conditions. This condition can usually be treated without surgery, injecting steroid medication at the pseudoarticulation instead. Additionally, if L6 fuses to another vertebra this is increasingly likely to cause lower back pain.

  4. Klippel–Feil syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klippel–Feil_syndrome

    Klippel–Feil syndrome (KFS), also known as cervical vertebral fusion syndrome, is a rare congenital condition characterized by the abnormal fusion of any two of the seven bones in the neck (cervical vertebrae). [1]: 578 It can result in a limited ability to move the neck and shortness of the neck, resulting in the appearance of a low hairline ...

  5. Congenital amputation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_amputation

    A baby hand affected by amniotic band syndrome. Congenital amputation is birth without a limb or limbs, or without a part of a limb or limbs.. It is known to be caused by blood clots forming in the fetus while in utero (vascular insult) and from amniotic band syndrome: fibrous bands of the amnion that constrict fetal limbs to such an extent that they fail to form or actually fall off due to ...

  6. Caudal regression syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudal_regression_syndrome

    Formation of the sacrum/lower back and corresponding nervous system is usually nearing completion by the 4th week of development. Due to abnormal gastrulation, the mesoderm migration is disturbed. This disturbance results in symptoms varying from minor lesions of the lower vertebrae to more severe symptoms such as complete fusion of the lower ...

  7. Hip dysplasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_dysplasia

    It is done by adducting the hip while pushing the thigh posteriorly. If the hip goes out of the socket it means it is dislocated, and the newborn has a congenital hip dislocation. The baby is laid on its back for examination by separation of its legs. If a clicking sound can be heard, it indicates that the baby may have a dislocated hip.

  8. Sirenomelia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirenomelia

    IV) partially fused femur, fused fibula V) partially fused femur VI) fused femur, fused tibia VII) fused femur, tibia absent. Sirenomelia is classified by the skeletal structure of the lower limb, ranging from class I, where all bones are present and only the soft tissues are fused, to class VII where the only bone present is a fused femur. [1]

  9. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondyloepiphyseal...

    People with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia are short-statured from birth, with a very short trunk and neck and shortened limbs. Their hands and feet, however, are usually average-sized. This type of dwarfism is characterized by a normal spinal column length relative to the femur bone. Adult height ranges from 0.9 meters (35 inches) to just over 1 ...