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Fractional laser photothermolysis (FP) is a form of laser-based skin resurfacing, with several devices on the market, such as Fraxel. A fractional laser delivers laser light to the skin. Hundreds or thousands of laser pinpoints may be used per square inch, leaving healthy skin between the ablated areas.
Fraxel Restore Dual incorporates a combination of a 1,550nm erbium glass laser and an ablative 1,927nm thulium fiber laser. It is commonly used to treat wrinkles, photoaging, surgical scars, and acne scars. [3] Fraxel Repair uses an ablative 10,600nm-wavelength carbon-dioxide (CO 2) laser. This laser is the most aggressive among Fraxel lasers ...
The carbon-dioxide laser (CO 2 laser) was one of the earliest gas lasers to be developed. It was invented by Kumar Patel of Bell Labs in 1964 [1] and is still one of the most useful types of laser. Carbon-dioxide lasers are the highest-power continuous-wave lasers that are currently available.
Laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) is a drug delivery technique commonly used in the dermatology field that involves lasers. As skin acts as a protective barrier to the environment, the absorption of topical products through the epidermis is limited; thus, different drug delivery modalities have been employed to improve the efficacy of these treatments.
Radio-frequency skin tightening is an aesthetic technique that uses radio frequency (RF) energy to heat skin with the purpose of stimulating cutaneous collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid production in order to reduce the appearance of fine lines and loose skin. [1] [2] The technique induces tissue remodeling [3] and production of new collagen ...
A carbon-dioxide laser. Carbon dioxide is the lasing medium in a carbon-dioxide laser, which is one of the earliest type of lasers. Carbon dioxide can be used as a means of controlling the pH of swimming pools, [139] by continuously adding gas to the water, thus keeping the pH from rising. Among the advantages of this is the avoidance of ...
It is a technique for which research is ongoing, but has been used for a number of skin problems including scarring and acne. [1] Some studies have also shown that when combined with minoxidil treatment, microneedling is able to treat hair loss more effectively than minoxidil treatment alone.
The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is in the form of bicarbonate. Only a very small amount is actually dissolved as carbon dioxide, and the remaining amount of carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin. In addition to enhancing removal of carbon dioxide from oxygen-consuming tissues, the Haldane effect promotes dissociation of carbon ...