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  2. Physical pharmacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_pharmacy

    It forms the basis for design, manufacture, and distribution of drug products and serves as the foundation for the stable and proper use of medical drugs. [2] It covers areas such as solubility, pharmacokinetics and drug delivery. Physical pharmacy serves as principles that guide the pharmaceutical developments. [2]

  3. PK/PD model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PK/PD_model

    Explore the concept of PK/PD models, which integrate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to optimize drug dosing and efficacy.

  4. Drug design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_design

    Drug design, often referred to as rational drug design or simply rational design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target. [1] The drug is most commonly an organic small molecule that activates or inhibits the function of a biomolecule such as a protein , which in turn results in a ...

  5. Process analytical technology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_analytical_technology

    Process analytical technology (PAT) has been defined by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a mechanism to design, analyze, and control pharmaceutical manufacturing processes through the measurement of critical process parameters (CPP) which affect the critical quality attributes (CQA).

  6. Pharmaceutical formulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_formulation

    Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which different chemical substances, including the active drug, are combined to produce a final medicinal product. The word formulation is often used in a way that includes dosage form .

  7. Pharmaceutics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutics

    Pharmaceutics deals with the formulation of a pure drug substance into a dosage form.Pure drug substances are usually white crystalline or amorphous powders. Before the advent of medicine as a science, it was common for pharmacists to dispense drugs as is.

  8. Pharmacodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics

    Pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs). The effects can include those manifested within animals (including humans), microorganisms, or combinations of organisms (for example, infection).

  9. Drug delivery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_delivery

    A 2013 review found the cost of developing a delivery system was only 10% of the cost of developing a new pharmaceutical. [16] A more recent study found the median cost of bringing a new drug to market was $985 million in 2020, but did not look at the cost of developing drug delivery systems. [17]