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In this procedure, the first successful open heart surgery, Lewis repaired an atrial septal defect in a 5-year-old girl during 5 minutes of total circulatory arrest at 28 °C. Many similar procedures were performed by Soviet heart surgeon, Eugene Meshalkin, in Novosibirsk during the 1960s. [ 14 ]
Silent hypoxia (also known as happy hypoxia) [115] [116] is generalised hypoxia that does not coincide with shortness of breath. [ 117 ] [ 118 ] [ 119 ] This presentation is known to be a complication of COVID-19 , [ 120 ] [ 121 ] and is also known in atypical pneumonia , [ 122 ] altitude sickness, [ 123 ] [ 124 ] [ 125 ] and rebreather ...
Tissue hypoxia refers to low levels of oxygen in the tissues of the body and the term hypoxia is a general term for low levels of oxygen. [2] Hypoxemia is usually caused by pulmonary disease whereas tissue oxygenation requires additionally adequate circulation of blood and perfusion of tissue to meet metabolic demands. [4]
The procedure may be repeated several times in variable-length sessions per day, depending on a physician's prescription or a manufacturer's protocol. [1] Standard practice is for the patient to remain stationary while breathing hypoxic air via a hand-held mask .
Cerebral hypoxia is a form of hypoxia (reduced supply of oxygen), specifically involving the brain; when the brain is completely deprived of oxygen, it is called cerebral anoxia. There are four categories of cerebral hypoxia; they are, in order of increasing severity: diffuse cerebral hypoxia (DCH), focal cerebral ischemia , cerebral infarction ...
The radical idea that hypoxia-ischaemia triggered a cell suicide programme which could explain the perplexing phenomenon of delayed cell death was soon supported by experimental [71] [72] and human data, [73] and many researchers believe this helps explain why neural rescue works in the newborn.
Reperfusion injury, sometimes called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or reoxygenation injury, is the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to tissue (re-+ perfusion) after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen (anoxia or hypoxia).
An SaO 2 (arterial oxygen saturation) value below 90% causes hypoxia (which can also be caused by anemia). Hypoxia due to low SaO 2 is indicated by cyanosis, but oxygen saturation does not directly reflect tissue oxygenation. The affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen may impair or enhance oxygen release at the tissue level.