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In such cases, voltage converters need only be specified to convert any voltage within one range, to a voltage within the other, rather than separate converters being needed for all possible pairs of nominal voltages (110–220, 117–220, 110–230, etc.)
A Battery: Eveready 742: 1.5 V: Metal tabs H: 101.6 L: 63.5 W: 63.5 Used to provide power to the filament of a vacuum tube. B Battery: Eveready 762-S: 45 V: Threaded posts H: 146 L: 104.8 W: 63.5 Used to supply plate voltage in vintage vacuum tube equipment. Origin of the term B+ for plate voltage power supplies.
6-volt (left) and 4.5-volt (right) lantern batteries. A lantern battery is a rectangular battery, typically an alkaline or zinc–carbon primary battery, used primarily in flashlights or lanterns. Lantern batteries are physically larger and consequently offer higher capacity than the more common flashlight batteries.
Shelf life Anode Electrolyte Cathode Cutoff ... Low self-discharge nickel–metal hydride battery: 500–1,500 [14] Lithium cobalt oxide: 90 ... 3.6V: 5–10%/month ...
The SI unit of work per unit charge is the joule per coulomb, where 1 volt = 1 joule (of work) per 1 coulomb of charge. [citation needed] The old SI definition for volt used power and current; starting in 1990, the quantum Hall and Josephson effect were used, [10] and in 2019 physical constants were given defined values for the definition of all SI units.
An active constant current source is commonly used for high power LEDs, stabilizing light output over a wide range of input voltages which might increase the useful life of batteries. Active constant current is typically regulated using a depletion-mode MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor), which is the simplest ...
Figure 2.Greinacher circuit. The Greinacher voltage doubler is a significant improvement over the Villard circuit for a small cost in additional components. The ripple is much reduced, nominally zero under open-circuit load conditions, but when current is being drawn depends on the resistance of the load and the value of the capacitors used.
Float voltage is the voltage at which a battery is maintained after being fully charged to maintain that capacity by compensating for self-discharge of the battery. [1] The voltage could be held constant for the entire duration of the cell's operation (such as in an automotive battery) or could be held for a particular phase of charging by the charger. [2]