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  2. Chromatin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin

    Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells. [1] The primary function is to package long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures. This prevents the strands from becoming tangled and also plays important roles in reinforcing the DNA during cell division , preventing DNA damage , and regulating gene expression ...

  3. Nucleosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleosome

    In contrast to most eukaryotic cells, mature sperm cells largely use protamines to package their genomic DNA, most likely to achieve an even higher packaging ratio. [17] Histone equivalents and a simplified chromatin structure have also been found in Archaea, [18] suggesting that eukaryotes are not the only organisms that use nucleosomes.

  4. Eukaryotic chromosome structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_chromosome...

    Eukaryotic chromosomes are also stored in the cell nucleus, while chromosomes of prokaryotic cells are not stored in a nucleus. Eukaryotic chromosomes require a higher level of packaging to condense the DNA molecules into the cell nucleus because of the larger amount of DNA. This level of packaging includes the wrapping of DNA around proteins ...

  5. Chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome

    Organization of DNA in a eukaryotic cell. Each eukaryotic chromosome consists of a long linear DNA molecule associated with proteins, forming a compact complex of proteins and DNA called chromatin. Chromatin contains the vast majority of the DNA in an organism, but a small amount inherited maternally can be found in the mitochondria.

  6. DNA condensation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_condensation

    In most eukaryotes, DNA is arranged in the cell nucleus with the help of histones. In this case, the basic level of DNA compaction is the nucleosome, where the double helix is wrapped around the histone octamer containing two copies of each histone H2A , H2B , H3 and H4 .

  7. Nuclear organization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Organization

    However, in order for the cell to function, proteins must be able to access the sequence information contained within the DNA, in spite of its tightly-packed nature. Hence, the cell has a number of mechanisms in place to control how DNA is organized. [4] Moreover, nuclear organization can play a role in establishing cell identity.

  8. Solenoid (DNA) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_(DNA)

    The solenoid structure's most obvious function is to help package the DNA so that it is small enough to fit into the nucleus. This is a big task as the nucleus of a mammalian cell has a diameter of approximately 6 μm, whilst the DNA in one human cell would stretch to just over 2 metres long if it were unwound. [6]

  9. DNA-binding protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-binding_protein

    Within chromosomes, DNA is held in complexes with structural proteins. These proteins organize the DNA into a compact structure called chromatin. In eukaryotes, this structure involves DNA binding to a complex of small basic proteins called histones. In prokaryotes, multiple types of proteins are involved.