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Gonorrhoea or gonorrhea, colloquially known as the clap, [7] is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. [8] Infection may involve the genitals, mouth, or rectum. [9] Gonorrhea is spread through sexual contact with an infected person, [1] or from a mother to a child during birth. [1]
Sexual transmission is through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. [7] Sexual transmission may be prevented through the use of barrier protection. [8] Perinatal transmission may occur during childbirth, though it is preventable through antibiotic treatment of the mother before birth and application of antibiotic eye gel on the eyes of the newborn. [8]
The first effective treatment for a sexually transmitted infection was salvarsan, a treatment for syphilis. With the discovery of antibiotics , a large number of sexually transmitted infections became easily curable, and this, combined with effective public health campaigns against STIs, led to a public perception during the 1960s and 1970s ...
The antibiotic, which would be the first new gonorrhea treatment approved in decades, could make it to market by 2025. ... The infection can also raise the risk of HIV transmission.
A study out of the University of York shows that carbon monoxide-releasing molecules could be the key to developing a new antibiotic to treat gonorrhea.
A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria or viruses that use mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission directly from the mother to an embryo, fetus, or baby during pregnancy or childbirth. It can occur when the mother has a pre-existing disease or becomes infected during pregnancy. Nutritional ...
Additionally, untreated maternal gonorrhea may increase the risk of preterm delivery. The most common manifestation of gonococcal infection in a newborn is neonatal conjunctivitis, an infection of the eyes that presents with green-yellow exudate and eyelid swelling. Without treatment, this infection can lead to permanent visual impairment.
Main causes of fecal–oral disease transmission include lack of adequate sanitation (leading to open defecation), and poor hygiene practices. If soil or water bodies are polluted with fecal material, humans can be infected with waterborne diseases or soil-transmitted diseases. Fecal contamination of food is another form of fecal-oral transmission.