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Inferior alveolar nerve block (abbreviated to IANB, and also termed inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia or inferior dental block) is a nerve block technique which induces anesthesia (numbness) in the areas of the mouth and face innervated by one of the inferior alveolar nerves which are paired on the left and right side.
Due to its high vascularity, injections into the pterygomandibular space carry a high risk of intravascular injection (injecting into a blood vessel). [4] Another possible complication of an inferior alveolar nerve block occurs when the needle is placed too deep, passing through the pterygomandibular space and into the parotid gland behind.
The inferior alveolar nerve to anaesthetise all of the teeth in the mandibular arch; The long buccal nerve which supplies the soft tissue buccally to the mandibular molars; The lingual nerve which anaesthetising stops sensation to the lingual aspect of the gingiva, floor of the mouth and the tongue to the midline on that particular side
The inferior alveolar nerve block is probably one of the most common methods used by dentist to anaesthetise the mandibular teeth in adults. This technique aims to inject the needle and deposit local anaesthetic close to the nerve before it enters the mandibular foramen, which locates on the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus.
During dental procedures, a local nerve block may be applied. Anaesthetic injected near the mandibular foramen to block the inferior alveolar nerve and the nearby lingual nerve (supplying the tongue). This causes loss of sensation on the same side as the block to: the teeth (inferior alveolar nerve block) the lower lip and chin (mental nerve block)
The injection site is distal and buccal to the third molar, with the needle penetrating 1-2mm as the nerve lies directly below the mucosa. [5] A buccal nerve block is carried out after an inferior alveolar nerve block for specific procedures, such as extraction of mandibular molar teeth.
The inferior alveolar nerve passes lateral to the raphe; the raphe is therefore a landmark for a nerve block of this nerve. [ 2 ] The general location of the raphe is indicated by the pterygomandibular fold.
It is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve. It provides motor innervation the mylohyoid muscle , and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle . It provides sensory innervation to part of the submental area, and sometimes also the mandibular (lower) molar teeth , requiring local anaesthesia for some oral procedures.