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Fairbank identified significant changes including squaring of the femoral condyles, peak eminences, ridging, and joint space narrowing. [2] [3] References
[9] [4] One tibial section attaches to soft tissue, 1 cm distal to the joint line. The other tibial section attaches directly to the tibia, anterior to the posteromedial tibial crest, 6 cm distal to the joint line. [2] [9] This distal attachment is the stronger of the two and makes up the floor of the pes anserine bursa.
The typical changes seen on X-ray include: joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis (increased bone formation around the joint), subchondral cyst formation, and osteophytes. [54] Plain films may not correlate with the findings on physical examination or with the degree of pain. [55]
A drive through sign occurs when there is more than 1 cm of lateral joint opening when a varus stress is applied to the knee which allows the surgeon to easily pass the arthroscope between the lateral femoral condyle and tibia . [29] Second, arthroscopy allows the surgeon to visualize individual structures in the posterolateral knee.
- Anterior femoral notching (the femoral component causing reduced thickness of the distal femur anteriorly), seems to cause an increased risk of fractures when exceeding about 3 mm. [64] - LTC : lateral (or sagittal) tibial component angle, which is ideally positioned so that the tibia is 0–7° flexed compared to at a right angle with the ...
Superior to the Tönnis angle in cases without joint space narrowing or subluxation. [21] The medial point of the sourcil is at the same height as the most superior point of caput femoris. −6 to 12° [21] >12° is a risk factor for instability <-6° is a risk factor for pincer impingement
It is also called the femoral extrusion index. <25% Tönnis angle Slope of the sourcil (the sclerotic weight-bearing portion of the acetabulum) 0 to 10° >10° is a risk factor for instability <0° is a risk factor for pincer impingement; Caput-sourcil angle [12] Superior to the Tönnis angle in cases without joint space narrowing or ...
Joint space narrowing, with or without subchondral sclerosis. Joint space narrowing is defined by this system as a joint space less than 3 mm, or less than half of the space in the other compartment, or less than half of the space of the homologous compartment of the other knee. II: Obliteration of the joint space III: Bone defect/loss < 5 mm IV