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Taste of acid, heartburn, bad breath, chest pain, breathing problems [6] Complications: Esophagitis, esophageal strictures, Barrett's esophagus [6] Duration: Long term [6] [7] Causes: Inadequate closure of the lower esophageal sphincter [6] Risk factors: Obesity, pregnancy, smoking, hiatal hernia, taking certain medicines [6] Diagnostic method
Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which there is an abnormal (metaplastic) change in the mucosal cells lining the lower portion of the esophagus, from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium with interspersed goblet cells that are normally present only in the small intestine and large intestine.
Some people also experience a sensation known as globus esophagus, where it feels as if a ball is lodged in the lower part of the esophagus. The following are additional diseases and conditions that affect the esophagus: Achalasia [1] Acute esophageal necrosis; Barrett's esophagus; Boerhaave syndrome; Caustic injury to the esophagus; Chagas disease
Oesophageal diseases include a spectrum of disorders affecting the oesophagus.The most common condition of the oesophagus in Western countries is gastroesophageal reflux disease, [4] which in chronic forms is thought to result in changes to the epithelium of the oesophagus, known as Barrett's oesophagus.
People with Barrett's esophagus (a change in the cells lining the lower esophagus) are at much higher risk, [56] and may receive regular endoscopic screening for the early signs of cancer. [57] Because the benefit of screening for adenocarcinoma in people without symptoms is unclear, [2] it is not recommended in the United States. [1]
Spastic motility disorders include diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), nutcracker esophagus, hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter, and nonspecific spastic esophageal motility disorders (NEMD). DES can be caused by many factors that affect muscular or neural functions, including acid reflux, stress, hot or cold food, or carbonated drinks ...
A condition in which the lining of the esophagus changes to look more like the lining of the intestine and increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer. [22] There are no specific symptoms although symptoms of GERD may be present for years prior as it is associated with a 10–15% risk of Barrett's esophagus. [22]
Heartburn, also known as pyrosis, cardialgia or acid indigestion, [2] is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen. [3] [4] [5] Heartburn is usually due to regurgitation of gastric acid (gastric reflux) into the esophagus.