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2, has zero dipole moment, while near the other extreme, gas phase potassium bromide, KBr, which is highly ionic, has a dipole moment of 10.41 D. [9] [page needed] [10] [verification needed] For polyatomic molecules, there is more than one bond. The total molecular dipole moment may be approximated as the vector sum of the individual bond ...
Therefore, a molecule's dipole is an electric dipole with an inherent electric field that should not be confused with a magnetic dipole, which generates a magnetic field. The physical chemist Peter J. W. Debye was the first scientist to study molecular dipoles extensively, and, as a consequence, dipole moments are measured in the non- SI unit ...
The polarizability of an atom or molecule is defined as the ratio of its induced dipole moment to the local electric field; in a crystalline solid, one considers the dipole moment per unit cell. [1] Note that the local electric field seen by a molecule is generally different from the macroscopic electric field that would be measured externally.
Transition dipole moment, the electrical dipole moment in quantum mechanics; Molecular dipole moment, the electric dipole moment of a molecule. Bond dipole moment, the measure of polarity of a chemical bond; Electron electric dipole moment, the measure of the charge distribution within an electron; Magnetic dipole moment, the measure of the ...
Typical dipole moments for simple diatomic molecules are in the range of 0 to 11 D. Molecules with symmetry point groups or containing inversion symmetry will not have a permanent dipole moment, while highly ionic molecular species have a very large dipole moment, e.g. gas-phase potassium bromide, KBr, with a dipole moment of 10.41 D. [3] A proton and an electron 1 Å apart have a dipole ...
The extent of splitting depends on the square of the electric field strength and the square of the dipole moment of the molecule. [30] In principle this provides a means to determine the value of the molecular dipole moment with high precision. Examples include carbonyl sulfide, OCS, with μ = 0.71521 ± 0.00020 debye.
The hyperpolarizability, a nonlinear-optical property of a molecule, is the second order electric susceptibility per unit volume. [1] The hyperpolarizability can be calculated using quantum chemical calculations developed in several software packages. [2] [3] [4] See nonlinear optics.
In organic chemistry, a dipolar compound or simply dipole is an electrically neutral molecule carrying a positive and a negative charge in at least one canonical description. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized . [ 1 ]