Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Pathological demand avoidance (PDA) or extreme demand avoidance (EDA) is a proposed disorder, and proposed pervasive developmental disorder, defined by characteristics such as a demand avoidance—which is a greater-than-typical refusal to comply with requests or expectations—and extreme efforts to avoid social demands. [1]
In 1993, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health made her an honorary fellow [2] and the following year the In 1994 the Early Years Diagnostic Centre was renamed the Elizabeth Newson Centre. [9] Five years later she was given an OBE for her work with children on the autism spectrum in the 1999 New Year Honours. [2]
A 2013 meta-analysis indicated that TEACCH has small or no effects on perceptual, motor, verbal, cognitive, and motor functioning, communication skills, and activities of daily living. There were positive effects in social and maladaptive behavior, but these results required further replication due to the methodological limitations of the pool ...
According to the earlier DSM-IV, PDD-NOS referred to "mild or severe pervasive deficits in the development of reciprocal social interaction and/or verbal and nonverbal communication skills, or when stereotyped behavior, interests, and/or activities are present, but the criteria are not met for a specific PDD" or for several other disorders. [2]
The age of diagnosis can range from 9 months to 14 years, and the mean age is 4 years old in the USA. [11] On average each case of ASD is tested at three different diagnostic centers before confirmed. Early diagnosis of the disorder can diminish familial stress, speed up referral to special educational programs and influence family planning. [12]
ABA focuses on teaching adaptive behaviors like social skills, play skills, or communication skills [69] [70] and diminishing problematic behaviors like eloping or self-injury [71] by creating a specialized plan that uses behavioral therapy techniques such as positive or negative reinforcement to encourage or discourage certain behaviors over-time.
Social disinterest, detachment, avoidance, or withdrawal in the face of evident competence (at times) of social engagement, particularly with adults. More often attachments may appear friendly and cooperative but very superficial, based primarily on receiving material needs. Inability to initiate or maintain peer relationships.
There are two possible developmental courses of autism. One course of development is more gradual in nature, with symptoms appearing fairly early in life and persisting. [9] A second course of development is characterized by normal or near-normal development before onset of regression or loss of skills, which is known as regressive autism. [10]