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12AX7 (also known as ECC83 [1]) is a miniature dual-triode vacuum tube with high voltage gain. Developed around 1946 by RCA engineers [ 2 ] in Camden, New Jersey , under developmental number A-4522, it was released for public sale under the 12AX7 identifier on September 15, 1947.
The amplification factor of 6N2P is 98 which is marginally lesser than 12AX7, its higher heater current draw is similar to a 5751. The Chinese 6N4 (whose military issued variant is known by the designation 6N4-J) which is a pin-compatible replacement for the 12AX7 but has an amplification factor of 97.5 is the closest equivalent to the 6N2P.
This base type was used by many of the United States and most of the European tubes, e.g., 12AX7-ECC83, EF86 and EL84, produced commercially towards the end of the era before transistors largely displaced their use. The IEC 67-I-12a specification calls for a 36-degree angle between the nine pins of 1.016 mm thickness, in an arc of diameter 11. ...
ECC83/12AX7 (6057, M8137, B339) – High-mu dual triode for use as a high-gain AF amplifier, noval base ECC84 /6CW7 – Dual VHF triode for grounded-grid / cascode amplifiers in TV tuners; section 1 cathode is connected to two adjacent pins and the screen between the two sections is internally connected to the section 2 grid; noval base.
The type designator specifies the heater voltage or current (one letter), the functions of all sections of the tube (one letter per section), the socket type (first digit), and the particular tube (remaining digits). For example, the ECC83 (equivalent to the 12AX7) is a 6.3V (E) double triode (CC) with a miniature base (8).
A few special-quality tubes did not have a standard equivalent, e.g. the E55L, a broadband power pentode used as the output stage of oscilloscope amplifiers and the E90CC, a dual triode with a common cathode connection and seven pin base for use in cathode-coupled Flip-flops in early computers.
It belongs to a large family of dual triode vacuum tubes which share the same pinout (EIA 9A), including in particular the very commonly used low-mu 12AU7 and high-mu 12AX7. The 12AT7 has somewhat lower voltage gain than the 12AX7, but higher transconductance and plate current, which makes it suitable for high-frequency applications.
Philips continued to improve and enlarge the tube plant in New York, but also used the Amperex name to distribute their new line of Dutch-made miniature tubes, (12AX7, 12AU7, 12AT7) to feed the booming U.S. hi-fi market. Classic hi-fi brands such as Marantz, Fisher, and H. H. Scott, Inc., used these tubes.
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