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Container glass is a type of glass for the production of glass containers, such as bottles, jars, drinkware, and bowls. Container glass stands in contrast to flat glass (used for windows , glass doors, transparent walls, windshields ) and glass fiber (used for thermal insulation , in fiberglass composites, and optical communication ).
Borosilicate glass is a type of glass with silica and boron trioxide as the main glass-forming constituents. Borosilicate glasses are known for having very low coefficients of thermal expansion (≈3 × 10 −6 K −1 at 20 °C), making them more resistant to thermal shock than any other common glass.
Hazel-Atlas made large quantities of "Depression" pressed glassware in a wide variety of patterns in the 1920s–1940s, along with many white milkglass "inserts" used in zinc fruit-jar lids, many types of milkglass cold-cream jars and salve containers, and a large variety of bottles and jars for the commercial packaging industry. "Atlas" was ...
Cobalt glass—known as "smalt" when ground as a pigment—is a deep blue coloured glass prepared by including a cobalt compound, typically cobalt oxide or cobalt carbonate, in a glass melt. Cobalt is a very intense colouring agent and very little is required to show a noticeable amount of colour. Cobalt glass plates are used as an optical ...
Glass bottles and glass jars are found in many households worldwide. The first glass bottles were produced in Mesopotamia around 1500 B.C., and in the Roman Empire in around 1 AD. [1] America's glass bottle and glass jar industry was born in the early 1600s, when settlers in Jamestown built the first glass-melting furnace.
Secondary seals are common with sensitive products that may deteriorate or where extra security is needed. Foil or plastic inner seals are used on some bottles, Heat sealed lidding films are used on some tubs. External shrink bands, labels, and tapes are sometimes used outside the primary closure structure. Additionally, many closures feature ...
A dark glass bottle with ground glass plug. Reagent bottles, also known as media bottles or graduated bottles, are containers made of glass, plastic, borosilicate or related substances, and topped by special caps or stoppers. They are intended to contain chemicals in liquid or powder form for laboratories and stored in cabinets or on shelves ...
The bond strength is also governed by the character of the oxide layer on its surface. A presence of cobalt in the glass leads to a chemical reaction between the metallic iron and cobalt oxide, yielding iron oxide dissolved in glass and cobalt alloying with the iron and forming dendrites, growing into the glass and improving the bond strength. [6]
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