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The Vivekamārtaṇḍa is the only text to use Viparītakaraṇī as a means of yogic withdrawal.Illustrated manuscript of the Joga Pradipika, 1830. Unlike Ashtanga, the eightfold yoga of Patanjali, the Vivekamārtaṇḍa describes a system of six limbs: asana (posture), breath-restraint (which it calls pranasamrodha), pratyahara (withdrawal), dharana (concentration), meditation, and samadhi ...
This is a list of Yoga mudras. In yoga , mudrās are used in conjunction with pranayama (yogic breathing exercises), generally while seated in Padmasana , Ardhasiddhasana , Sukhasana or Vajrasana pose, to stimulate different parts of the body and mind, and to affect the flow of prana in the body.
Dhāraṇā (Sanskrit: धारणा) is the sixth limb of eight elucidated by Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga or Raja Yoga in his Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. [1] It is directing and maintaining the mind's attention to a specific location of the body after sense-witdrawal has been attained.
The first verse states that the text is for ascetics who had renounced ordinary life to attain liberation. [1] The text explains how to control the breath in pranayama, [3] using novel techniques such as sūryabhedana, "the piercing of the sun". [1] It teaches śakticālanīmudrā ("stimulating Sarasvatī") along with the three bandhas. [4] "
Chapter 1 deals with setting the proper environment for yoga, the ethical duties of a yogi, and the asanas. Chapter 2 deals with pranayama and the satkarmas. Chapter 3 discusses the mudras and their benefits. Chapter 4 deals with meditation and samadhi as a journey of personal spiritual growth.
A mudra (/ m u ˈ d r ɑː / ⓘ; Sanskrit: मुद्रा, IAST: mudrā, "seal", "mark", or "gesture"; Tibetan: ཕྱག་རྒྱ་, THL: chakgya) is a symbolic or ritual gesture or pose in Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. [1] While some mudras involve the entire body, most are performed with the hands and fingers. [2]
– Chandogya Upanishad 1.1.1 "The Syllable Om is the bow: one's self, indeed, is the arrow. Brahman is spoken of as the target of that. It is to be hit without making a mistake. Thus one becomes united with it [Brahman] as the arrow becomes one with the target." – Mundaka Upanishad 2.2.4; Katha Upanishad 1.2.15, 1.2.16, 1.2.17
The Bihar School of Yoga, in India has published several books on meditation that discuss trataka. Dharana Darshan by Swami Niranjanananda Saraswati has an entire chapter devoted to the practice. v