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PICOT formatted questions address the patient population (P), issue of interest or intervention (I), comparison group (C), outcome (O), and time frame (T). Asking questions in this format assists in generating a search that produces the most relevant, quality information related to a topic, while also decreasing the amount of time needed to produce these search results.
The PICO process (or framework) is a mnemonic used in evidence-based practice (and specifically evidence-based medicine) to frame and answer a clinical or health care related question, [1] though it is also argued that PICO "can be used universally for every scientific endeavour in any discipline with all study designs". [2]
The model was developed by Dr. Kathleen Stevens at the Academic Center for Evidence-Based Practice located at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. [3] The model has been represented in many nursing textbooks , used as part of an intervention to increase EBP competencies, and as a framework for instruments measuring EBP ...
For example, UpToDate was created in the early 1990s. [53] The Cochrane Collaboration began publishing evidence reviews in 1993. [44] In 1995, BMJ Publishing Group launched Clinical Evidence, a 6-monthly periodical that provided brief summaries of the current state of evidence about important clinical questions for clinicians. [54]
As with other evidence-based practice, this is based on the three following principles: 1) published peer-reviewed (often in management or social science journals) research evidence that bears on whether and why a particular management practice works;
Evidence-based practice is the idea that occupational practices ought to be based on scientific evidence.The movement towards evidence-based practices attempts to encourage and, in some instances, require professionals and other decision-makers to pay more attention to evidence to inform their decision-making.
Evidence-based policing (EBP) is an approach to policy making and tactical decision-making for police departments. It has its roots in the larger movement towards evidence-based practices . Advocates of evidence-based policing emphasize the value of statistical analysis, empirical research, and ideally randomized controlled trials .
Evidence-based practice in general is based on a very thorough search of the scientific literature and a very thorough selection and analysis of the retrieved literature. A close familiarity with database searching is needed, and library and information professionals have important roles to play in this respect.