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2. Rubrospinal tract - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubrospinal_tract

   The rubrospinal tract originates in the magnocellular red nucleus in the midbrain, and decussates (crosses over) at the midline in the anterior tegmental decussation. [5] [3] In the pons, it is situated medially within the rostral pontine tegmentum. [4]

3. Mesolimbic pathway - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolimbic_pathway

   The mesolimbic pathway and a specific set of the pathway's output neurons (e.g. D1-type medium spiny neurons within the nucleus accumbens) play a central role in the neurobiology of addiction. [20] [21] [22] Drug addiction is an illness caused by habitual substance use that induces chemical changes in the brain's circuitry. [23]

4. Cerebral aqueduct - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_aqueduct

   The cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of the midbrain, aqueduct of Sylvius, Sylvian aqueduct, mesencephalic duct) is a small, narrow tube connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The cerebral aqueduct is a midline structure that passes through the midbrain .

5. Dopaminergic pathways - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopaminergic_pathways

   addiction; schizophrenia; Nigrostriatal pathway: The nigrostriatal pathway transmits dopaminergic neurons from the zona compacta of the substantia nigra [8] to the caudate nucleus and putamen. The substantia nigra is located in the midbrain, while both the caudate nucleus and putamen are located in the dorsal striatum. motor function; reward ...

6. Addiction-related structural neuroplasticity - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction-related...

   The animal models of addiction are particularly useful because animals that are addicted to a substance show behaviors similar to human addicts. This implies that the structural changes that can be observed after the animal ingests a drug can be correlated with an animal's behavioral changes, as well as with similar changes occurring in humans.

7. Periaqueductal gray - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_gray

   Stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter of the midbrain activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to the raphe nuclei in the brainstem. 5-HT released from the raphe nuclei descends to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where it forms excitatory connections with the inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II (aka the substantia gelatinosa).

8. Mesencephalic locomotor region - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesencephalic_locomotor_region

   Anatomically, as the name suggests, the MLR is located in the mesencephalon (or midbrain), ventral to the inferior colliculus and near the cuneiform nucleus. [6] Although identifying the exact anatomical substrates of the MLR has been subject to considerable debate, the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), cuneiform nucleus, and midbrain ...

9. Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostral_interstitial...

   The rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) is a collection of neurons in the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the midbrain. [1] It is responsible for mediating vertical conjugate eye movements (vertical gaze) [1] [2]: 458.e1 and vertical saccades.