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1,2,4,5-Cyclohexanetetrol (also named cyclohexane-1,2,4,5-tetrol, 1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexane, or para-cyclohexanetetrol) is an organic compound whose molecule can be described as a cyclohexane with four hydroxyl (OH) groups substituted for hydrogen atoms on two non-adjacent pairs of adjacent carbon atoms.
The density of each isomer is around 0.87 g/mL (7.3 lb/US gal; 8.7 lb/imp gal) and thus is less dense than water. The odor of xylene is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 to 3.7 ppm (parts of xylene per million parts of air) and can be tasted in water at 0.53 to 1.8 ppm.
There are several cyclohexanetetrol isomers that differ on the position of the hydroxyl groups along the ring, and on their orientation relative to the mean plane of the ring. The isomers with each hydroxyl on a distinct carbon are: [9] 1,2,3,4-Cyclohexanetetrol or ortho- (10 isomers, including 4 enantiomer pairs) [1] [10]
The production of p-xylene is industrially significant, with annual demand estimated at 37 million tons in 2014, and still on the increase. [12] [13] p-Xylene is produced by catalytic reforming of petroleum naphtha as part of the BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene and the xylene isomers) extracted from the catalytic reformate.
The valence isomers are not restricted to isomers of benzene. Valence isomers are also seen in the series (CH) 8. Due to the larger number of units, the number of possible valence isomers is also greater and at least 21: Valence isomers of cyclooctatetraene
The state of an amount of gas is determined by its pressure, volume, and temperature. The modern form of the equation relates these simply in two main forms. The temperature used in the equation of state is an absolute temperature: the appropriate SI unit is the kelvin. [4]
One of these isomers, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (commonly called iso-octane), is used as one of the standard values in the octane rating scale. Octane is a component of gasoline and petroleum. Under standard temperature and pressure , octane is an odorless, colorless liquid.