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The most commonly used PVDF-based terpolymers are P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) and P(VDF-TrFE-CFE). [ 21 ] [ 22 ] This relaxor -based ferroelectric terpolymer is produced by random incorporation of the bulky third monomer ( chlorotrifluoroethylene , CTFE) into the polymer chain of P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer (which is ferroelectric in nature).
A logical spreadsheet is a spreadsheet in which formulas take the form of logical constraints rather than function definitions.. In traditional spreadsheet systems, such as Excel, cells are partitioned into "directly specified" cells and "computed" cells and the formulas used to specify the values of computed cells are "functional", i.e. for every combination of values of the directly ...
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet editor developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android, iOS and iPadOS.It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).
In a spreadsheet, cells can contain formulas referring to the contents of other cells; if the user changes the content of a cell, the values of all its dependent cells are automatically updated. In a similar fashion, the properties of components in a Power Fx program are connected by formulas (whose syntax is very reminiscent of Excel ) and ...
The liquid VF is suspended in water and stabilized either by water-soluble polymers based on cellulose or polyvinyl alcohol. Inorganic salts can also act as stabilizers. The suspension polymerization is usually initiated by organic peroxides (eg diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate), but UV light or ionizing radiation can also be used.
In its MS-DOS (character cell) version, widely considered to be responsible for the explosion of popularity of spreadsheets during the 80s and early 90s. [citation needed] Microsoft Office Excel – for MS Windows and Apple Macintosh. The proprietary spreadsheet leader.
PVDF molecules contain two hydrogen and two fluorine atoms per repeat unit, so they have a choice of multiple conformations. However, rotational barriers are relatively high, the chains can be stabilized into favorable conformations other than that of lowest energy. The three known conformations of PVDF are all-trans, tg + tg −, and tttg ...
Organic polymer PMs, such as PVDF, have low Young's modulus compared to inorganic PMs. Piezoelectric polymers (PVDF, 240 mV-m/N) possess higher piezoelectric stress constants (g 33), an important parameter in sensors, than ceramics (PZT, 11 mV-m/N), which show that they can be better sensors than ceramics. Moreover, piezoelectric polymeric ...
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