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Amnesia. Amnesia. Other names. Amnesic syndrome. Specialty. Psychiatry, neurology. Amnesia is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage or brain diseases, [1] but it can also be temporarily caused by the use of various sedative and hypnotic drugs. The memory can be either wholly or partially lost due to the extent of damage that is caused.
Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a neurological disorder whose key defining characteristic is a temporary but almost total disruption of short-term memory with a range of problems accessing older memories. A person in a state of TGA exhibits no other signs of impaired cognitive functioning but recalls only the last few moments of consciousness ...
In neurology, retrograde amnesia (RA) is the inability to access memories or information from before an injury or disease occurred. [1] RA differs from a similar condition called anterograde amnesia (AA), which is the inability to form new memories following injury or disease onset. [2] Although an individual can have both RA and AA at the same ...
Dissociative amnesia or psychogenic amnesia is a dissociative disorder "characterized by retrospectively reported memory gaps. These gaps involve an inability to recall personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature." [1] In a change from the DSM-IV to the DSM-5, dissociative fugue is now subsumed under dissociative amnesia.
Transient amnesia can be the principal manifestation of epilepsy. This diagnosis, however, is "seldom suspected by clinicians and remains controversial". [4] TEA is "almost always misdiagnosed" according to a leading authority. [9] In the largest study to date (2007) "Epilepsy was the initial specialist diagnosis in only 12 of 50 cases."
Psychiatry, neurology, neuropsychology. Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is a state of confusion that occurs immediately following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in which the injured person is disoriented and unable to remember events that occur after the injury. [1] The person may be unable to state their name, where they are, and what time it is. [1]
Drug-induced amnesia. Drug-induced amnesia is amnesia caused by drugs. Amnesia may be therapeutic for medical treatment or for medical procedures, or it may be a side-effect of a drug, such as alcohol, or certain medications for psychiatric disorders, such as benzodiazepines. [1] It is seen also with slow acting parenteral general anaesthetics ...
Anterograde amnesia can also be caused by alcohol intoxication, a phenomenon commonly known as a blackout. Studies show rapid rises in blood alcohol concentration over a short period of time severely impair or in some cases completely block the brain's ability to transfer short-term memories created during the period of intoxication to long ...